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1. (CSDB ID: 1189) | report error |
| b-D-GlcpA4Me-(1-3)-+ | -4)-b-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- | Show graphically |
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Bradyrhizobium elkanii
(NCBI TaxID 29448,
species name lookup)
genetik.uni-bielefeld.deA broad variety of bacteria including the Rhizobiaceae are able to secrete polysaccharides. Sugar polymers that form an adherent cohesive layer on the cell surface are designated capsular polysacharides (CPS), whereas the term exopolysaccharide (EPS) is used for polysaccharides with little or no cell association. Due to the variation of monosaccharide sequences, condensation linkages and non-carbohydrate decorations, an infinite array of structures can be provided by this class of macromolecules. Different rheological properties depend on the structure and the molecular weight of EPS. These properties and the location of EPS, forming the outer layer of the cell surface, contribute to the cell protection against environmental influences, attachment to surfaces, nutrient gathering and to antigenicity (Costerton et al., 1987, Sutherland 1988, Whitfield 1988, Beveridge and Graham 1991). The structural diversity of oligosaccharides derived from EPS enables them to function additionally as informational molecules in cell-cell-communications. Finally, many symbiotic bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae use oligosaccharides as signal molecules in the interaction with their host plant.
glycosyl transferase, Indeterminate Nodule, Symbiotic Phenotype, Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, SU47 Mutant
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit|
2. (CSDB ID: 1191) | report error |
| b-D-GlcpA2Me-(1-2)-+ | -3)-b-D-Galp-(1-3)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- | Show graphically |
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Bradyrhizobium japonicum
(NCBI TaxID 375,
species name lookup)
genetik.uni-bielefeld.deA broad variety of bacteria including the Rhizobiaceae are able to secrete polysaccharides. Sugar polymers that form an adherent cohesive layer on the cell surface are designated capsular polysacharides (CPS), whereas the term exopolysaccharide (EPS) is used for polysaccharides with little or no cell association. Due to the variation of monosaccharide sequences, condensation linkages and non-carbohydrate decorations, an infinite array of structures can be provided by this class of macromolecules. Different rheological properties depend on the structure and the molecular weight of EPS. These properties and the location of EPS, forming the outer layer of the cell surface, contribute to the cell protection against environmental influences, attachment to surfaces, nutrient gathering and to antigenicity (Costerton et al., 1987, Sutherland 1988, Whitfield 1988, Beveridge and Graham 1991). The structural diversity of oligosaccharides derived from EPS enables them to function additionally as informational molecules in cell-cell-communications. Finally, many symbiotic bacteria of the Rhizobiaceae use oligosaccharides as signal molecules in the interaction with their host plant.
glycosyl transferase, Indeterminate Nodule, Symbiotic Phenotype, Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis, SU47 Mutant
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit|
3. (CSDB ID: 45681) | report error |
| b-D-GlcpA4Me-(1-3)-+ | -4)-b-L-Rhap-(1-3)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- | Show graphically |
|
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Bradyrhizobium elkanii
(NCBI TaxID 29448,
species name lookup)
poczta.umcs.lublin.plRhizobia are Gram-negative bacteria that can exist either as free-living bacteria or as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodules of leguminous plants. The composition of the rhizobial outer surface, containing a variety of polysaccharides, plays a significant role in the adaptation of these bacteria in both habitats. Among rhizobial polymers, exopolysaccharide (EPS) is indispensable for the invasion of a great majority of host plants which form indeterminate-type nodules. Various functions are ascribed to this heteropolymer, including protection against environmental stress and host defense, attachment to abiotic and biotic surfaces, and in signaling. The synthesis of EPS in rhizobia is a multi-step process regulated by several proteins at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Also, some environmental factors (carbon source, nitrogen and phosphate starvation, flavonoids) and stress conditions (osmolarity, ionic strength) affect EPS production. This paper discusses the recent data concerning the function of the genes required for EPS synthesis and the regulation of this process by several environmental signals. Up till now, the synthesis of rhizobial EPS has been best studied in two species, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum. The latest data indicate that EPS synthesis in rhizobia undergoes very complex hierarchical regulation, in which proteins engaged in quorum sensing and the regulation of motility genes also participate. This finding enables a better understanding of the complex processes occurring in the rhizosphere which are crucial for successful colonization and infection of host plant roots.
Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti, exopolysaccharide synthesis, motility, quorum sensing, exo and pss genes, rhizobium-legume symbiosis
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit|
4. (CSDB ID: 45682) | report error |
| b-D-GlcpA2Me-(1-2)-+ | -3)-b-D-Galp-(1-3)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-b-L-Rhap-(1-4)-a-L-Rhap-(1- | Show graphically |
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Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110
(later renamed to: Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110)
(NCBI TaxID 224911,
species name lookup)
poczta.umcs.lublin.plRhizobia are Gram-negative bacteria that can exist either as free-living bacteria or as nitrogen-fixing symbionts inside root nodules of leguminous plants. The composition of the rhizobial outer surface, containing a variety of polysaccharides, plays a significant role in the adaptation of these bacteria in both habitats. Among rhizobial polymers, exopolysaccharide (EPS) is indispensable for the invasion of a great majority of host plants which form indeterminate-type nodules. Various functions are ascribed to this heteropolymer, including protection against environmental stress and host defense, attachment to abiotic and biotic surfaces, and in signaling. The synthesis of EPS in rhizobia is a multi-step process regulated by several proteins at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Also, some environmental factors (carbon source, nitrogen and phosphate starvation, flavonoids) and stress conditions (osmolarity, ionic strength) affect EPS production. This paper discusses the recent data concerning the function of the genes required for EPS synthesis and the regulation of this process by several environmental signals. Up till now, the synthesis of rhizobial EPS has been best studied in two species, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum. The latest data indicate that EPS synthesis in rhizobia undergoes very complex hierarchical regulation, in which proteins engaged in quorum sensing and the regulation of motility genes also participate. This finding enables a better understanding of the complex processes occurring in the rhizosphere which are crucial for successful colonization and infection of host plant roots.
Rhizobium leguminosarum, Sinorhizobium meliloti, exopolysaccharide synthesis, motility, quorum sensing, exo and pss genes, rhizobium-legume symbiosis
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