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1. Compound ID: 11927
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-4)-b-Psep5Ac7Ac-(2-6)-b-D-Galp-(1-6)-b-D-Galp-(1-3)-a-D-GalpNAc-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130648,IEDB_134627,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137473,IEDB_1391961,IEDB_1391963,IEDB_141584,IEDB_141794,IEDB_143260,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156493,IEDB_190606,IEDB_885822,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_23,SB_24,SB_7,SB_8,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 4762
Kenyon JJ, Marzaioli AM, Hall RM, De Castro C "Structure of the K6 capsular polysaccharide from Acinetobacter baumannii isolate RBH4" -
Carbohydrate Research 409 (2015) 30-35
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) from an Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 2 (GC2) clinical isolate RBH4 that carries the KL6 gene cluster was elucidated by means of chemical and spectroscopical methods. The repeating unit of K6 CPS is linear and contains N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (D-GalpNAc), two D-galactose (D-Galp) residues and 5,7-di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid (Pse5Ac7Ac). The synthesis of these sugars could be attributed to genes in the KL6 capsule biosynthesis gene cluster, and the formation of the linkages between the sugars were assigned to glycosyltransferases or the Wzy polymerase encoded in KL6.
Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, NMR spectroscopy, pseudaminic acid, K locus, KL6 gene cluster
NCBI PubMed ID: 25917131Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.03.016Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: C. De Castro
Institutions: School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia, Department of Chemical Sciences, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Napoli, Italy
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, sugar analysis, enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction, acetylation, bioinformatic analysis, dialysis
- Article ID: 5500
Singh JK, Adams FG, Brown MH "Diversity and Function of Capsular Polysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii" -
Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (2019) 3301
The Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of hospital-borne infections worldwide. Alarmingly, the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance coupled with the remarkable ability of isolates to persist on surfaces for extended periods of time has led to infiltration of A. baumannii into our healthcare environments. A major virulence determinant of A. baumannii is the presence of a capsule that surrounds the bacterial surface. This capsule is comprised of tightly packed repeating polysaccharide units which forms a barrier around the bacterial cell wall, providing protection from environmental pressures including desiccation and disinfection regimes as well as host immune responses such as serum complement. Additionally, capsule has been shown to confer resistance to a range of clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Distressingly, treatment options for A. baumannii infections are becoming increasingly limited, and the urgency to develop effective infection control strategies and therapies to combat infections is apparent. An increased understanding of the contribution of capsule to the pathobiology of A. baumannii is required to determine its feasibility as a target for new strategies to combat drug resistant infections. Significant variation in capsular polysaccharide structures between A. baumannii isolates has been identified, with over 100 distinct capsule types, incorporating a vast variety of sugars. This review examines the studies undertaken to elucidate capsule diversity and advance our understanding of the role of capsule in A. baumannii pathogenesis.
polysaccharide, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, capsule, virulence factor, persistence
NCBI PubMed ID: 30687280Publication DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03301Journal NLM ID: 101548977Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation
Correspondence: Melissa H. Brown
Institutions: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Article ID: 6413
Knirel YA, Kasimova AA, Arbatsky NP, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Brovko FA, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Perepelov AV, Shpirt AM "5,7-Diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic Acids in the Capsular Polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii" -
Biochemistry (Moscow) 88(2) (2023) 202-210
The polysaccharide capsule surrounding bacterial cell plays an important role in pathogenesis of infections caused by the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii by providing protection from external factors. The structures of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) produced by A. baumannii isolates and the corresponding CPS biosynthesis gene clusters are highly diverse, although many of them are related. Many types of A. baumannii CPSs contain isomers of 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic acid (DTNA). Three of these isomers, namely acinetaminic acid (l-glycero-l-altro isomer), 8-epiacinetaminic acid (d-glycero-l-altro isomer), and 8-epipseudaminic acid (d-glycero-l-manno isomer), have not been found so far in naturally occurring carbohydrates from other species. In A. baumannii CPSs, DTNAs carry N-acyl substituents at positions 5 and 7; in some CPSs, both N-acetyl and N-(3-hydroxybutanoyl) groups are present. Remarkably, pseudaminic acid carries the (R)-isomer and legionaminic acid carries the (S)-isomer of the 3-hydroxybutanoyl group. The review addresses the structure and genetics of biosynthesis of A. baumannii CPSs containing di-N-acyl derivatives of DTNA.
Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, nonulosonic acid, Bacterial polysaccharide, capsule, higher monosaccharide, acyl group
NCBI PubMed ID: 37072328Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0006297923020049Journal NLM ID: 0376536Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
Correspondence: Y.A. Knirel
Institutions: State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russia, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117913, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Branch of the Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry in Pushchino, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
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2. Compound ID: 13713
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-4)-b-Psep5Ac7Ac-(2-6)-b-D-Galp-(1-6)-b-D-Galp-(1-3)-b-D-GalpNAc-(1- |
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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130648,IEDB_134627,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137473,IEDB_141794,IEDB_147450,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156493,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_23,SB_24,SB_7,SB_8,SB_88
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 5458
Kenyon JJ, Arbatsky NP, Shashkov AS, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Hall RM, Knirel YA "Production of the K16 capsular polysaccharide by Acinetobacter baumannii ST25 isolate D4 involves a novel glycosyltransferase encoded in the KL16 gene cluster" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 128 (2019) 101-106
A new capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis gene cluster, KL16, was found in the genome sequence of a clinical Acinetobacter baumannii ST25 isolate, D4. The variable part of KL16 contains a module of genes for synthesis of 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (5,7-di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid, Pse5Ac7Ac), a gene encoding ItrA3 that initiates the CPS synthesis with d-GlcpNAc, and two glycosyltransferase (Gtr) genes. The K16 CPS was studied by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and shown to be built up of linear trisaccharide repeats containing d-galactose (d-Gal), N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (d-GlcNAc), and Pse5Ac7Ac. The d-Galp residue is linked to the d-GlcpNAc initiating sugar via a β-(1→3) linkage evidently formed by a Gtr5 variant, Gtr5K16, encoded in KL16. This reveals an altered or relaxed substrate specificity of this variant as the majority of Gtr5-type glycosyltransferases have previously been shown to form a β-d-Galp-(1→3)-d-GalpNAc linkage. The β-Psep5Ac7Ac-(2→4)-d-Galp linkage is predicted to be formed by the other glycosyltransferase, Gtr37, which does not match members of any known glycosyltransferase family.
Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, 5, glycosyltransferase, 7-Di-N-acetylpseudaminic acid, KL16 K locus
NCBI PubMed ID: 30664967Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.080Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: J.J. Kenyon
Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, M. M. Shemyakin & Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk State Medical University, Smolensk, Russia
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, GLC, Smith degradation, function analysis of gene clusters
- Article ID: 5791
Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" -
Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.
polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component
Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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