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1. (Article ID: 12036)
 
Bernays EA, Oppenheim S, Chapman RF, Kwon H, Gould F
Taste sensitivity of insect herbivores to deterrents is greater in specialists than in generalists: a behavioral test of the hypothesis with two closely related caterpillars
Journal of Chemical Ecology 26(2) (2000) 547–563
 

Sensitivity of caterpillars of Heliothis virescens, a generalist, and H. subflexa, a specialist, to eight different plant secondary compounds was examined behaviorally. The compounds were nicotine hydrogen tartrate, hordenine, caffeine, sinigrin, linamarin, arbutin, chlorogenic acid, and salicin. All compounds deterred feeding, at least at the higher concentrations, but the generalist was less affected than the specialist. Thus the hypothesis that specialists have greater sensitivity to deterrents than generalists was supported. In most cases deterrence occurred on first encounter, indicating that the response was sensory; in some cases short-term postingestive effects also appeared to play a role. The larger quantities of deterrent-containing food ingested by H. virescens sometimes resulted in measurable postingestive effects during the second control test. This did not occur in H. subflexa, which more commonly rejected the deterrent-containing food on first contact. The contrast between the species is discussed in relation to tradeoffs involved in different diet breadths.

Heliothis virescens, Heliothis subflexa, caterpillar, diet breadth, deterrent compound, feeding behavior, postingestive toxicity, plant secondary metabolite

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2. (Article ID: 12428)
 
Lu Y, Umeda T, Yagi A, Sakata K, Chaudhuri T, Ganguly DK, Sarma S
Triterpenoid saponins from the roots of tea plant (Camellia sinensis var. assamica)
Phytochemistry 53(8) (2000) 941-946
 

Three olean-12-ene type triterpenoid saponins, named TR-saponins A, B and C, were isolated as methyl esters from tea roots (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) after treatment with diazomethane. Their structures were established as the methyl esters of 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21, 22-di-O-angeloyl-R1-barrigenol-23-oic acid, 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-angeloyl-22-O-2-methylbutanoyl-R1-barrigenol-23-oic acid and 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-16α-O-acetyl-21-O-angeloyl-22-O-2-methylbutanoyl-R1-barrigenol-23-oic acid,2 by extensive 1D and 2D-NMR as well as FABMS and HR-MS analyses.

triterpenoid saponin, olean-12-ene, Camellia sinensis var. assamica, tea root

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