Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: c-specific polysaccharide antigen
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, O-antigen

• Article ID: 389
  Suzuki N, Nakano Y "The production of 6-deoxy-L-talan from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans via bacterial coupling in vitro" - Oral Microbiology and Immunology 18(6) (2003) 401-404
  

  A method of producing 6-deoxy-l-talan, the serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,was established using a whole-cell reaction with two recombinant Escherichia coli strains. The production of serotype c-SPA was investigated using the dot blot assay with anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans NCTC 9710 serum after an 18-h reaction, starting with a solution containing the recombinant E. coli cells, α-D-glucose-1-phosphate, and dTTP. Moreover, examination of the time course for 6-deoxy-l-talan production proved that this system ran satisfactorily. This paper is the first report of a convenient method to readily produce the exopolysaccharide from A. actinomycetemcomitans in vitro.

  antigen, serotype, Escherichia, Escherichia coli, exopolysaccharide, production, cells, Actinobacillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, polysaccharide antigen

  NCBI PubMed ID: 14622348
  Journal NLM ID: 8707451
  Publisher: Copenhagen: Munksgaard
  Correspondence: yosh@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  Institutions: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
  Methods: serological methods, genetic methods
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (NCTC 9710)
  CSDB ID 8352 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1042
  Nakano Y, Yoshida Y, Yamashita Y, Koga T "A gene cluster for 6-deoxy-L-talan synthesis in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans" - Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Gene Structure and Expression 1442(2-3) (1998) 409-414
  

  The serotype c antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans consists of 6-deoxy-l-talose. A gene cluster involved in the synthesis of serotype-specific polysaccharide antigen was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of A. actinomycetemcomitans NCTC9710 (serotype c). This cluster consisted of 17 open reading frames. Escherichia coli produced the polysaccharide that reacts with the serotype c-specific antibody when transformed with a plasmid containing the cluster. Comparing the structure of the gene cluster with a similar cluster from A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b), which produces a polysaccharide consisting of l-rhamnose and d-fucose, revealed that a 5.7 kb region containing seven genes in the cluster from strain Y4 was replaced by a 3.8 kb region containing three genes in strain NCTC9710. The results suggest that these region, as well as dTDP-6-deoxy-l-talose-forming dTDP-4-keto-l-rhamnose reductase, is essential to the production of extracellular polysaccharide specific to serotype c.

  synthesis, gene, polysaccharide, cluster, gene cluster, 6-deoxy-L-talose, Actinobacillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, serotype antigen

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9805002
  Journal NLM ID: 0217513
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: yindha@mbox.nc.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  Institutions: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dentistry, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (NCTC 9710)
  CSDB ID 3746 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1101
  Perry MB, Maclean LM, Brisson JR, Wilson ME "Structures of the antigenic O-polysaccharides of lipopolysaccharides produced by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, c, d and e" - European Journal of Biochemistry 242(3) (1996) 682-688
  

  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a gram-negative capnophilic coccobacillus that has been implicated in the etiology of certain forms of early-onset periodontitis as well as non-oral infections, mostly bacterial endocarditis. Five distinct serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans have been described. Although the O-polysaccharide (O-PS) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been shown to define the serologic specificity for this species, only the structure of the O-PS of serotype b has been characterized. The focus of the current study was to define the structures of the O-PS of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, c, d and e. Structure determination was accomplished through the use of methylation, periodate oxidation, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR methods. The O-PS of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OMZ-542) serotype d had [α]D +15 degrees and was composed of D-glucose, D-mannose and L-rhamnose (L-Rha) in a molar ratio of 1:2:1. Methylation, periodate oxidation, and two-dimensional 1H NMR and 13C NMR studies showed that the antigenic O-PS was a high-molecular-mass polymer composed of repeating tetrasaccharide units with the structure: [formula: see text] The O-PS of the LPS produced by A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC29523) serotype a had [α]D +150 degrees and was found to contain 6-deoxy-D-talose (6dTalp) and O-acetyl (2:1) and was a high-molecular-mass polymer composed of O-acetyl-substituted repeating disaccharide units with the structure: [formula: see text] The O-PS of the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans (SUNY 67) serotype c had [α]D -170 degrees and was composed of 6-deoxy-L-talose and O-acetyl (2:1). Structural analysis showed that the O-PS was a high-molecular-mass polymer of repeating disaccharide units with the structure: [formula: see text] The O-PS of the LPS of A. actinomycetemcomitans (OMZ 534) serotype e had [α]D +57 degrees and was composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose and L-rhamnose (1:1) and by chemical and NMR analysis was found to be a polymer of repeating disaccharide units with the structure: →4)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→.

  Lipopolysaccharide, lipopolysaccharides, LPS, structure, serotype, O-polysaccharide, O polysaccharide, antigenic, Serotypes, Actinobacillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

  NCBI PubMed ID: 9022697
  Journal NLM ID: 0107600
  Publisher: Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies
  Institutions: Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA
  Methods: NMR-2D, NMR, paper chromatography
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (SUNY 67)
  CSDB ID 4140 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 2725
  Kawasaki M, Takamatsu N, Ansai T, Yamashita Y, Takehara T, Koga T "An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring antibodies to serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans" - Journal of Microbiological Methods 21 (1995) 181-192
  

  An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing avidin-biotin binding has been developed for measuring antibodies to serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The serotype a, b and c polysaccharide antigens were coupled with biotin via an adipic acid hydrazide functional group. The biotinylated antigens immobilized on the avidin-precoated wells reacted specifically with rabbit antisera to whole cells of the corresponding serotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Antibodies to the antigens in 1:6,400 to 1:12,800 dilutions of human sera from subjects with periodontitis could be detected by using the assay.

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(95)91417-D
  Journal NLM ID: 8306883
  WWW link: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016770129591417D
  Institutions: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dentistry, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812, Japan
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (NCTC 9710)
  CSDB ID 140606 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4307
  Greenfield LK, Whitfield C "Synthesis of lipopolysaccharide O-antigens by ABC transporter-dependent pathways" - Carbohydrate Research 356 (2012) 12-24
  

  The O-polysaccharide (O-PS; O-antigen) of bacterial lipopolysaccharides is made up of repeating units of one or more sugar residues and displays remarkable structural diversity. Despite the structural variations, there are only three strategies for O-PS assembly. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter-dependent mechanism of O-PS biosynthesis is widespread. The Escherichia coli O9a and Klebsiella pneumoniae O2a antigens provide prototypes, which are distinguished by the fine details that link glycan polymerization and chain termination at the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane to its export via the ABC transporter. Here, we describe the current understanding of these processes. Since glycoconjugate assembly complexes that utilize an ABC transporter-dependent pathway are widespread among the bacterial kingdom, the models described here are expected to extend beyond O-PS biosynthesis systems

  Lipopolysaccharide, O-polysaccharide, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Escherichia coli O9a, Klebsiella pneumoniae O2a

  NCBI PubMed ID: 22475157
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.027
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: C. Whitfield
  Institutions: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
  
   
  
  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans c
  CSDB ID 28863 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4329
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans c
  CSDB ID 27707 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4433
  Shibuya N, Amano K, Azuma J, Nishihara T, Kitamura Y, Noguchi T, Koga T "6-Deoxy-D-talan and 6-deoxy-L-talan. Novel serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans" - Journal of Biological Chemistry 266(25) (1991) 16318-16323
  

  Serotype-specific polysaccharide antigens from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29523 (serotype a) and NCTC 9710 (serotype c) were extracted from whole cells by autoclaving and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Analysis of component sugars by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, and NMR together with optical rotation data showed that the serotype a antigen was composed solely of 6-deoxy-D-talose, whereas the serotype c antigen consisted of 6-deoxy-L-talose. Structural analysis indicated that both of these antigens were composed of closely related repeating units, -3)-6-deoxy-α-D-Talp-(1-2)-6-deoxy-α-D-Talp-(1-(sero type a) and -3)-6-deoxy-α-L-Talp-(1-2)-6-deoxy-α-L-Talp-(1-(sero type c). 1H and 13C NMR analysis showed that both of these serotype antigens contained one acetyl group/2 sugar residues. These acetyl groups localized at the O-2 position of 3-linked 6-deoxy-D-talose (serotype a) or O-4 position of 3-linked 6-deoxy-L-talose residues (serotype c), respectively. These results coupled with our previous findings on the serotype b antigen (Amano, K., Nishihara, T., Shibuya, N., Noguchi, T., and Koga, T. (1989) Infect. Immun. 57, 2942-2946) showed that the serotype antigens from A. actinomycetemcomitans are a group of novel polysaccharides with structural features closely related biosynthetically.

  6-deoxy-L-talose, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, polysaccharide antigen, 6-deoxy-D-talose, serotype-specific

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1885566
  Journal NLM ID: 2985121R
  Publisher: Baltimore, MD: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  Institutions: National Food Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Japan
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, HPLC
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (NCTC 9710
  CSDB ID 28796 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4643
  Young RE, Twelkmeyer B, Vitiazeva V, Power PM, Schweda EK, Hood DW "Haemophilus parainfluenzae expresses diverse lipopolysaccharide O-antigens using ABC transporter and Wzy polymerase-dependent mechanisms" - International Journal of Medical Microbiology 303(8) (2013) 603-617
  

  Lipopolysaccharide O-antigens are the basis of serotyping schemes for Gram negative bacteria and help to determine the nature of host-bacterial interactions. Haemophilus parainfluenzae is a normal commensal of humans but is also an occasional pathogen. The prevalence, diversity and biosynthesis of O-antigens were investigated in this species for the first time. 18/18 commensal H. parainfluenzae isolates contain a O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster flanked by glnA and pepB, the same position as the hmg locus for tetrasaccharide biosynthesis in Haemophilus influenzae. The O-antigen loci show diverse restriction digest patterns but fall into two main groups: (1) those encoding enzymes for the synthesis and transfer of FucNAc4N in addition to the Wzy-dependent mechanism of O-antigen synthesis and transport and (2) those encoding galactofuranose synthesis/transfer enzymes and an ABC transporter. The other glycosyltransferase genes differ between isolates. Three H. parainfluenzae isolates fell outside these groups and are predicted to synthesise O-antigens containing ribitol phosphate or deoxytalose. Isolates using the ABC transporter system encode a putative O-antigen ligase, required for the synthesis of O-antigen-containing LPS glycoforms, at a separate genomic location. The presence of an O-antigen contributes significantly to H. parainfluenzae resistance to the killing effect of human serum in vitro. The discovery of O-antigens in H. parainfluenzae is striking, as its close relative H. influenzae lacks this cell surface component.

  Lipopolysaccharide, Haemophilus influenzae, O-antigen, serotyping, ABC transporter, Host-bacterial interaction, Pasteurellaceae

  NCBI PubMed ID: 24035104
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.08.006
  Journal NLM ID: 100898849
  Publisher: Jena, Germany: Urban & Fischer Verlag
  Correspondence: r.young@ucl.ac.uk
  Institutions: Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, genetic methods
  
   
  
  Haemophilus parainfluenzae 30, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans D11S-1
  CSDB ID 29396 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: monomer
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_138113,IEDB_196259

• Article ID: 1044
  Nakano Y, Suzuki N, Yoshida Y, Nezu T, Yamashita Y, Koga T "Thymidine diphosphate-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase synthesizing dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans" - Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(10) (2000) 6806-6812
  

  The serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans NCTC9710 contains an unusual sugar, 6-deoxy-L-talose, which has been identified as a constituent of cell wall components in some bacteria. Two genes coding for thymidine diphosphate (dTDP)-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductases were identified in the gene cluster required for biosynthesis of serotype c-specific polysaccharide. Both dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductases were overproduced and purified from Escherichia coli transformed with the plasmids containing these genes. The sugar nucleotides converted by both reductases were purified by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography and identified by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance and gas-liquid chromatography. The results indicated that one of two reductases produced dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose and the other produced dTDP-L-rhamnose (dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose). The amino acid sequence of the dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase forming dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose shared only weak homology with that forming dTDP-L-rhamnose, despite the fact that these two enzymes catalyze the reduction of the same substrate and the products are determined by the stereospecificity of the reductase activity. Neither the gene for dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose biosynthesis nor its corresponding protein product has been found in other bacteria; this biosynthetic pathway is identified here for the first time.

  synthesis, antigen, chemistry, gene, polysaccharide, serotype, molecular, form, cluster, gene cluster, biological, biochemistry, biology, Actinobacillus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, polysaccharide antigen, serotype antigen

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10702238
  Journal NLM ID: 2985121R
  Publisher: Baltimore, MD: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  Correspondence: yosh@dent.kyushu-u.ac.jp
  Institutions: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry I, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
  
   
  
  Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans c (NCTC 9710)
  CSDB ID 3748 (all data & tools)