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Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: K12 CPS
Compound class: CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130648,IEDB_137473,IEDB_1391961,IEDB_141584,IEDB_885822

• Article ID: 5009
  Kenyon JJ, Kasimova AA, Notaro A, Arbatsky NP, Speciale I, Shashkov AS, De Castro C, Hall RM, Knirel YA "Acinetobacter baumannii K13 and K73 capsular polysaccharides differ only in K-unit side branches of novel non-2-ulosonic acids: di-N-acetylated forms of either acinetaminic acid or 8-epiacinetaminic acid" - Carbohydrate Research 452 (2017) 149-155
  

  Structures of capsular polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying KL13 and KL73 gene clusters were established. The closely related KL73 and KL13 gene clusters differ only by one gene in the module responsible for synthesis of the non-2-ulosonic acids. The K13 and K73 polysaccharides differ only in a single side-chain sugar, which is either 5,7-diacetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-altro- or -d-glycero-l-altro-non-2-ulosonic acid [di-N-acetylated forms of acinetaminic acid (Aci5Ac7Ac) or 8-epiacinetaminic acid (8eAci5Ac7Ac), respectively]. The KL13 also is closely related to the KL12 gene cluster, which contains a different wzy gene encoding the K unit polymerase. Accordingly, the otherwise near identical K units are linked differently via an α-d-FucpNAc-(1→4)-d-Galp linkage in K13 and K73 or an α-d-FucpNAc-(1→3)-d-GalpNAc linkage in K12. This finding confirms the predicted substrate of the ItrB3 initiating transferase as d-FucpNAc. Glycosyltransferases predicted to catalyse the linkage of d-Galp or d-GalpNAc to l-FucpNAc in the growing K13 and K73 or K12 units, respectively, differ by only two amino acids.

  Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, capsular polysaccharide structure, 5, 7-Di-N-acetyl-8-epiacinetaminic acid, Capsule biosynthesis gene cluster, Non-2-ulosonic acid 5, 7-Di-N-acetylacinetaminic acid

  NCBI PubMed ID: 29100177
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.10.005
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: decastro@unina.it; ruth.hall@sydney.edu.au
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Higher Chemical College of the Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, Russia, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K12
  CSDB ID 12122 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5500
  Singh JK, Adams FG, Brown MH "Diversity and Function of Capsular Polysaccharide in Acinetobacter baumannii" - Frontiers in Microbiology 9 (2019) 3301
  

  The Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of hospital-borne infections worldwide. Alarmingly, the rapid development of antimicrobial resistance coupled with the remarkable ability of isolates to persist on surfaces for extended periods of time has led to infiltration of A. baumannii into our healthcare environments. A major virulence determinant of A. baumannii is the presence of a capsule that surrounds the bacterial surface. This capsule is comprised of tightly packed repeating polysaccharide units which forms a barrier around the bacterial cell wall, providing protection from environmental pressures including desiccation and disinfection regimes as well as host immune responses such as serum complement. Additionally, capsule has been shown to confer resistance to a range of clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Distressingly, treatment options for A. baumannii infections are becoming increasingly limited, and the urgency to develop effective infection control strategies and therapies to combat infections is apparent. An increased understanding of the contribution of capsule to the pathobiology of A. baumannii is required to determine its feasibility as a target for new strategies to combat drug resistant infections. Significant variation in capsular polysaccharide structures between A. baumannii isolates has been identified, with over 100 distinct capsule types, incorporating a vast variety of sugars. This review examines the studies undertaken to elucidate capsule diversity and advance our understanding of the role of capsule in A. baumannii pathogenesis.

  polysaccharide, Acinetobacter, Acinetobacter baumannii, capsule, virulence factor, persistence

  NCBI PubMed ID: 30687280
  Publication DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03301
  Journal NLM ID: 101548977
  Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation
  Correspondence: Melissa H. Brown
  Institutions: College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K12
  CSDB ID 1111 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5791
  Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" - Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
  

  Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.

  polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
  Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
  Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K12 D36
  CSDB ID 6725 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 6411
  Kasimova AA, Sharar NS, Ambrose SJ, Knirel YA, Shneider MM, Timoshina OY, Popova AV, Perepelov AV, Dmitrenok AS, Hsu LY, Hall RM, Kenyon JJ "The Acinetobacter baumannii K70 and K9 capsular polysaccharides consist of related K-units linked by the same Wzy polymerase and cleaved by the same phage depolymerases" - Microbiology Spectrum 11(6) (2023) e0302523
  

  Bacteriophage show promise for the treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii infections that resist all therapeutically suitable antibiotics. Many tail-spike depolymerases encoded by phage that are able to degrade A. baumannii capsular polysaccharide (CPS) exhibit specificity for the linkage present between K-units that make up CPS polymers. This linkage is formed by a specific Wzy polymerase, and the ability to predict this linkage using sequence-based methods that identify the Wzy at the K locus could assist with the selection of phage for therapy. However, little is known about the specificity of Wzy polymerase enzymes. Here, we describe a Wzy polymerase that can accommodate two different but similar sugars as one of the residues it links and phage depolymerases that can cleave both types of bond that Wzy forms.

  Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, Wzy polymerase, phage depolymerase, K70

  NCBI PubMed ID: 37975684
  Publication DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03025-23
  Journal NLM ID: 101634614
  Publisher: Washington, DC: ASM Press
  Correspondence: J.J. Kenyon
  Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia, M. M. Shemyakin and Y. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, DNA sequencing, sugar analysis, DNA techniques, GLC, Smith degradation, HPLC, GPC, bioinformatic analysis, phage depolymerisation, HR-ESI-MS
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K12 D36
  CSDB ID 20747 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 6413
  Knirel YA, Kasimova AA, Arbatsky NP, Shneider MM, Popova AV, Brovko FA, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Perepelov AV, Shpirt AM "5,7-Diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic Acids in the Capsular Polysaccharides of Acinetobacter baumannii" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 88(2) (2023) 202-210
  

  The polysaccharide capsule surrounding bacterial cell plays an important role in pathogenesis of infections caused by the opportunistic pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii by providing protection from external factors. The structures of the capsular polysaccharide (CPS) produced by A. baumannii isolates and the corresponding CPS biosynthesis gene clusters are highly diverse, although many of them are related. Many types of A. baumannii CPSs contain isomers of 5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxynon-2-ulosonic acid (DTNA). Three of these isomers, namely acinetaminic acid (l-glycero-l-altro isomer), 8-epiacinetaminic acid (d-glycero-l-altro isomer), and 8-epipseudaminic acid (d-glycero-l-manno isomer), have not been found so far in naturally occurring carbohydrates from other species. In A. baumannii CPSs, DTNAs carry N-acyl substituents at positions 5 and 7; in some CPSs, both N-acetyl and N-(3-hydroxybutanoyl) groups are present. Remarkably, pseudaminic acid carries the (R)-isomer and legionaminic acid carries the (S)-isomer of the 3-hydroxybutanoyl group. The review addresses the structure and genetics of biosynthesis of A. baumannii CPSs containing di-N-acyl derivatives of DTNA.

  Acinetobacter baumannii, capsular polysaccharide, nonulosonic acid, Bacterial polysaccharide, capsule, higher monosaccharide, acyl group

  NCBI PubMed ID: 37072328
  Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0006297923020049
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Correspondence: Y.A. Knirel
  Institutions: State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, 142279, Russia, Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117913, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia, Branch of the Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry in Pushchino, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
  
   
  
  Acinetobacter baumannii K12 D36
  CSDB ID 22792 (all data & tools)