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1. Compound ID: 1267
Structure type: homopolymer
Trivial name: methyl glucose lipopolysaccharide, glucan, maltosaccharide, α-1,4-D-glucan, amylose, α-glucan, glycogen backbone, α-(1,4)-glucan, starch, α-(1-4)-glucan, starch, glycogen
Compound class: CPS, EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide, methyl glucose lipopolysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 398
Tuffal G, Albigot R, Monsarrat B, Ponthus C, Picard C, Rivière M, Puzo G "Purification and LSIMS analysis of methyl glucose polysaccharides from Mycobacterium xenopi, a slow growing mycobacterium" -
Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 14 (1995) 631-642
Methyl glucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP)were first isolated in 1964 from a fast growing, nonpathogenic mycobacterial strain, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Their complete structure was achieved in 1982 by Forsberg et al.2 It was established that the M. smegmatis MGLP heterogeneity arises from the acyl appendages borne by the polysaccharidic core. In the present study, we report the occurrence of MGLP from a slow growing strain M. xenopi and the structure of the deacylated derivatives (MGP). A new analytical strategy, based on the use of High h]pH Anion Exchange liquid Chromatography (HPAEC) and Liquid Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (LSIMS) was successfully develiped. Thanks to HPAEC, the MGP mixture was fractionated and from LSIMS data, it was clearly established that the heterogeneity of the MGP polysaccharidic core arises from the number of glycosyl and methoxyl units.
analysis, mass spectrometry, purification, Mycobacterium smegmatis, methyl glucose lipopolysaccharides
Publication DOI: 10.1080/07328309508005364Journal NLM ID: 8218151Publisher: Marcel Dekker
Institutions: LPTF-CNRS, Toulouse, France, SANOFI Recherche, Toulouse, France
Methods: HPAEC, MS, linkage analysis
- Article ID: 736
Kawahara K, Dejsirilert S, Ezaki T "Characterization of three capsular polysaccharides produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei" -
FEMS Microbiology Letters 169(2) (1998) 283-287
Three kinds of capsular polysaccharide (CP) were found to be produced by Burkholderia pseudomallei. When the bacterium was grown with the medium without glycerol, CP-1a and CP-1b were produced. CP-1a was mainly 1.4-linked glucan and CP-1b was identified as a polymer composed of galactose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid, whose chemical structure was recently reported by other laboratories. When the bacterium was grown with the medium containing 5" glycerol. CP-2 was synthesized. CP-2 contained galactose, rhamnose, mannose, glucose and a uronic acid in a ratio of approximately 3:1:0.3:1:1. Methylation analysis of the purified polysaccharides demonstrated that the two acidic polysaccharides. CP-1b and CP-2 shared no common structure, indicating that CP-2 was an acidic capsular polysaccharide whose chemical characters were not reported previously.
capsular, characterization, polysaccharide, Burkholderia, capsular polysaccharides, capsular polysaccharide, Burkholderia pseudomallei, melioidosis
NCBI PubMed ID: 10744478Journal NLM ID: 7705721Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Correspondence: kawahara-k@kitasato.or.jp
Institutions: Department of Bacteriology, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
Methods: methylation, NMR
- Article ID: 1551
Papp-Szabo E, Kanipes MI, Guerry P, Monteiro MA "Cell-surface α-glucan in Campylobacter jejuni 81-176" -
Carbohydrate Research 340(13) (2005) 2218-2221
Campylobacter jejuni infection is a main source of severe gastroenteritis-related illnesses in humans and there is also evidence that it may be linked to neurological disorders. C. jejuni 81-176 is a virulent strain that has become the global model in the study of mechanisms and pathogenesis of C. jejuni infection. For this reason, we were engaged in studying the fine structures of cell-surface carbohydrate antigens of C. jejuni 81-176, namely, the capsule polysaccharide (CPS) and lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Serologically, C. jejuni 81-176 has been classified as belonging to serogroups HS23 and HS36, and indeed previous studies have shown that the LOS and CPS structures possess components similar to those expressed by serostrains HS23 and HS36. Here, we describe that in addition to the LOS and CPS, this strain also produced an independent cell-surface (1→4)-α-glucan capsule
Campylobacter jejuni, capsule, glucan
NCBI PubMed ID: 16055105Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.06.023Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA, Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
Methods: NMR, sugar analysis, linkage analysis
- Article ID: 2905
Lemassu A, Daffé M "Structural features of the exocellular polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis" -
Biochemical Journal 297 (1994) 351-357
The cell envelope which surrounds pathogenic mycobacteria is postulated to be a defence barrier against phagocytic cells and its outermost constituents have a tendency to accumulate in the culture medium. The present work demonstrates that the exocellular material of Mycobacterium tuberculosis contains large amounts of polysaccharides with only traces, if any at all, of lipids. Three types of polysaccharides were purified by anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography; all were found to be neutral compounds devoid of acyl substituents. They consisted of D-glucan, D-arabino-D-mannan and D-mannan, which were eluted from gel-filtration columns in positions corresponding to molecular masses of 123, 13 and 4 kDa respectively. Their predominant structural features were determined by the characterization of the per-O-methyl derivatives of enzymic, acetolysis and Smith-degradation products and by 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy of the purified polysaccharides, using mono- and two-dimensional homonuclear chemical-shift correlated spectroscopy and two-dimensional heteronuclear (1H/13C) spectroscopy. The glucan which represented up to 90% of the polysaccharides was composed of repeating units of five or six →4-α-D-Glcp-1→ residues and a →4-α-D-Glcp substituted at position 6 with an α-D-Glcp, indicating a glycogen-like highly branched structure not related to the so-called polysaccharide-II previously identified in tuberculin. The arabinomannan consisted of a mannan segment composed of a →6-α-D-Man-1→ core substituted at some positions 2 with an α-D-Manp. The arabinan termini of the arabinomannan were found to be extensively capped with mannosyl residues. The possibility that these polysaccharides contribute to the persistence of the tubercle bacillus in the macrophage by molecular mimicry is discussed.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8297342Journal NLM ID: 2984726RPublisher: London, UK : Published by Portland Press on behalf of the Biochemical Society
Institutions: Département des Glycoconjugués et Biomembranes, LPTF du CNRS, Toulouse, France
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GLC-MS
- Article ID: 3058
Guan H, Kuriki T, Sivak M, Preiss J "Maize branching enzyme catalyzes synthesis of glycogen-like polysaccharide in glgB-deficient Escherichia coli" -
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 92 (1995) 964-967
Journal NLM ID: 7505876Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
- Article ID: 3542
Sambou T, Dinadayala P, Stadthagen G, Barilone N, Bordat Y, Constant P, Levillain F, Neyrolles O, Gicquel B, Lemassu A, Daffé M, Jackson M "Capsular glucan and intracellular glycogen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Biosynthesis and Impact on the Persistence in mice" -
Molecular Microbiology 70(3) (2008) 762-774
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacterial species produce large amounts of a glycogen-like α-glucan that represents the major polysaccharide of their outermost capsular layer. To determine the role of the surface-exposed glucan in the physiology and virulence of these bacteria, orthologues of the glg genes involved in the biosynthesis of glycogen in Escherichia coli were identified in M. tuberculosis H37Rv and inactivated by allelic replacement. Biochemical analyses of the mutants and complemented strains indicated that the synthesis of glucan and glycogen involves the α-1,4-glucosyltransferases Rv3032 and GlgA (Rv1212c), the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase GlgC (Rv1213) and the branching enzyme GlgB (Rv1326c). Disruption of glgC reduced by half the glucan and glycogen contents of M. tuberculosis, whereas the inactivation of glgA and Rv3032 affected the production of capsular glucan and glycogen, respectively. Attempts to disrupt Rv3032 in the glgA mutant were unsuccessful, suggesting that a functional copy of at least one of the two α-1,4-glucosyltransferases is required for growth. Importantly, the glgA mutant was impaired in its ability to persist in mice, suggesting a role for the capsular glucan in the persistence phase of infection. Unexpectedly, GlgB was found to be an essential enzyme
biosynthesis, gene, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, tuberculosis, a-glucan, glgA mutant
NCBI PubMed ID: 18808383Journal NLM ID: 8712028Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
Correspondence: mamadou.daffe@ipbs.fr; Mary.Jackson@ColoState.edu
Institutions: Universite Paul Sabatier (Toulouse III) 118, route de Narbonne, 31062-Toulouse cedex 04, France
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, GC, MALDI-TOF MS, genetic methods
- Article ID: 3583
Veremeichenko SN, Zdorovenko GM "Specific structural features and immunomodulatory properties of the lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas bacteria" -
Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology 44(6) (2008) 571-579
The results of in vitro studies of the immunomodulatory action of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the Pseudomonas bacteria— P. fluorescens biovar I strains IMV 4125 = ATCC 13525, IMV 7769, and IMV 1152; P. fluorescens biovar IV strain IMV 2111; P. syringae pv. syringae IMV 281 = CPPB 281 = ATCC 19310 and IMV 467; and P. wieringae IMV 7923—on the mouse spleenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), B lymphocytes, and T lymphocytes are described. The proliferative activity of mouse spleenocytes correlated with the degree of LPS toxicity. The PBMC mitogenic activity induced by the P. fluorescens IMV 7769 LPS preparation exceeded the activity of E. coli 026: B6 LPS. The immunomodulatory effect of LPS on T cells was strain and dose dependent. The LPS of P. syringae pv. syringae INV 467 displayed a comparatively pronounced immunomodulatory effect on human blood B lymphocytes.
lipopolysaccharides, structural, Pseudomonas, specific, immunomodulatory
NCBI PubMed ID: 19145969Journal NLM ID: 0042510Publisher: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
Correspondence: stas@diapr.kiev.ua
Institutions: Research and Production Company Diaprof-Med, Kiev, 04123 Ukraine, Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, 02143 Ukraine
Methods: serological methods
- Article ID: 3688
Ferreira JA, Pires C, Paulo M, Azevedo NF, Domingues MR, Vieira MJ, Monteiro MA, Coimbra MA "Bioaccumulation of amylose-like glycans by Helicobacter pylori" -
Helicobacter 14(6) (2009) 559-570
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori cell surface is composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) yielding structures homologous to mammalian Lewis O-chains blood group antigens. These structures are key mediators in the definition of host-microbial interactions and known to change their expression pattern in response to environmental pressure. AIMS: The present work is focused on the identification of new H. pylori cell-surface glycosides. Special attention is further devoted to provide insights on the impact of in vitro subcultivation on H. pylori cell-surface phenotypes. METHODS: Cell-surface glycans from H. pylori NCTC 11637 and two clinical isolates were recovered from the aqueous phase resulting from phenol:water extraction of intact bacteria. They were evaluated in relation to their sugars and glycosidic-linkages composition by CG-MS, size-exclusion chromatography, NMR, and Mass Spectrometry. H. pylori glycan profile was also monitored during subcultivation in vitro in agar and F12 liquid medium. RESULTS: All three studied strains produce LPS expressing Lewis epitopes and express bioaccumulate amylose-like glycans. Bioaccumulation of amylose was found to be enhanced with the subcultivation of the bacterium on agar medium and accompanied by a decrease in the expression of LPS O-chains. In contrast, during exponential growth in F12 liquid medium, an opposite behavior is observed, that is, there is an increase in the overall amount of LPS and decrease in amylose content. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows that under specific environmental conditions, H. pylori expresses a phase-variable cell-surface α-(1→4)-glucose moiety
Helicobacter pylori, glucan, cell-surface polysaccharide, environmental pressure
NCBI PubMed ID: 19889074Journal NLM ID: 9605411Publisher: Blackwell Science
Correspondence: mac@ua.pt
Institutions: Departamento de Quimica da Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
Methods: 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, ESI-MS, composition analysis, CID-MS/MS, statistical analysis
- Article ID: 5241
Zdorovenko EL, Shashkov AS, Kadykova AA, Kiseleva EP, Savich VV, Novik GI, Knirel YA "Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100" -
Carbohydrate Research 457 (2018) 8-13
Two specific polysaccharides, together with an →4)-α-d-Glcp-(1→ glucan (bacterial glycogen), were obtained from a lipopolysaccharide preparation isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100 by phenol/water extraction. The following structures of the polysaccharides were established by composition analysis, Smith degradation, ESI-MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.
Lipopolysaccharide, O-polysaccharide, bacterial polysaccharide structure, Pseudomonas putida
NCBI PubMed ID: 29304442Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: E.L. Zdorovenko
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus, Institute of Microbiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, ESI-MS, GLC, Smith degradation, de-O-acetylation, composition analysis, GPC, mild acid degradation
- Article ID: 5308
Freitas F, Torres CAV, Reis MAM "Engineering aspects of microbial exopolysaccharide production" -
Bioresource Technology 245(B) (2017) 1674-1683
Although the ability to secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) is widespread among microorganisms, only a few bacterial (e.g. xanthan, levan, dextran) and fungal (e.g. pullulan) EPS have reached full commercialization. During the last years, other microbial EPS producers have been the subject of extensive research, including endophytes, extremophiles, microalgae and Cyanobacteria, as well as mixed microbial consortia. Those studies have demonstrated the great potential of such microbial systems to generate biopolymers with novel chemical structures and distinctive functional properties. In this work, an overview of the bioprocesses developed for EPS production by the wide diversity of reported microbial producers is presented, including their development and scale-up. Bottlenecks that currently hinder microbial EPS development are identified, along with future prospects for further advancement.
bacteria, Extremophiles, exopolysaccharide (EPS), fungi, mixed microbial consortia
NCBI PubMed ID: 28554522Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.092Journal NLM ID: 9889523Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: amr@fct.unl.pt
Institutions: UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Article ID: 6132
Reddy Shetty P, Batchu UR, Buddana SK, Sambasiva Rao K, Penna S "A comprehensive review on α-D-Glucans: Structural and functional diversity, derivatization and bioapplications" -
Carbohydrate Research 503 (2021) 108297
Glucans are the most abundant natural polysaccharides across the living kingdom with tremendous biological activities. Now a days, α-D-glucans are gaining importance as a prebiotics, nutraceuticals, immunostimulants, antiproliferative agents and biodegradable polymers in pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors. A wide variety of bioresources including bacteria, fungi, lichens, algae, plants and animals produce α-D-glucans either as an exopolysaccharide (EPS) or a cell wall component or an energy storage polymer. The α-D-glucans exhibit great structural and functional diversity as the type of linkage and percentage of branching dictate the functional properties of glucans. Among the different linkages, bioactivities are greatly confined to the α-D-(1 → 3) linkages whereas starch and other polymers consisting of α-D-(1 → 4) (1 → 6) linkages are specific for food and pharmaceutical applications. However, the bioactivities of the α-D-(1 → 3) glucans in native form is limited mainly due to their hydrophobic nature. Hence several derivatization techniques have been developed to improve the bioavailability as well as bioactive features such as antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. Though, several reports have presented about α-D-glucans, still there is an ambiguity in terms of their structure among different natural sources and moreover no comprehensive information was available on their derivatization techniques and application potential. Therefore, the present review summarizes distinct description on diverse sources, type of linkages, derivatization techniques as well as the application potential of the native and modified α-D-glucans.
exopolysaccharides, derivatization, Prebiotics, α-D-Glucans, bioavailability, biodegradable polymer, immunomodulating agent
NCBI PubMed ID: 33813321Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108297Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: P. Reddy Shetty
; prakashamr@gmail.com
Institutions: Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, Telangana, India, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, New Delhi, India, Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, 522510, Andhra Pradesh, India, Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, 400085, Maharashtra, India
- Article ID: 6518
Dos Santos Ré AC, Cury JA, Sassaki GL, Aires CP "Structure of rhamnoglucan, an unexpected alkali-stable polysaccharide extracted from Streptococcus mutans cell wall" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 262(Pt2) (2024) ID 130121
This study identified a rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharide (RhaCWP) in an alkaline extract prepared to analyze intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) from Streptococcus mutans biofilm. IPS was an 1,4-α-D-glucan with branchpoints introduced by 1,6-α-glucan while RhaCWP presented 1,2-α-L-and 1,3-α-L rhamnose backbone and side chains connected by 1,2-α-D-glucans, as identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and methylation analyses. The MW of IPS and RhaCWP was 11,298 Da, as determined by diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Therefore, this study analyzed the chemical structure of RhaCWP and IPS from biofilm in a single fraction prepared via a convenient hot-alkali extraction method. This method could be a feasible approach to obtain such molecules and improve the comprehension of the structure-function relationships in polymers from S. mutans in future studies
Biofilm, rhamnoglucan, dental caries, intracellular polysaccharide
NCBI PubMed ID: 38350588Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130121Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Dos Santos Ré AC
; Cury JA ; Sassaki GL ; Aires CP
Institutions: Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, GC-MS, acid hydrolysis, HPLC, HPSEC, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, precipitation, derivatization, evaporation, sonication, centrifugation
- Article ID: 6726
Vessels JM, Radding JA "Oligosaccharide mapping of fungal glucan synthase product by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography" -
Analytical Biochemistry 215 (1993) 150-155
Crude membrane preparations of fungi contain the enzyme glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34) which produces a polymer of glucose linked through 1,3-β-glycosidic bonds. This polymer is a major structural element of the fungal cell wall. Preparations of glucan synthase are contaminated with the enzyme glycogen synthase (EC 2.4.1.11). Glycogen synthase forms the storage carbohydrate glycogen, a polymer of glucose consisting of mainly 1,4-α-glycosidic linkage. Both enzymes utilize uridine diphosphoglucose as substrate. Discrimination of glucan synthase from glycogen synthase activity has relied upon the inclusion of glycogen-degrading enzymes in the crude reactions. The polysaccharide reaction products of glucan synthase assays have been characterized by their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation by various glucanohydrolases. These degradative enzymes are impure and inclusion of appropriate control polysaccharides often leads to ambiguous results. A method for comparative qualitative analysis of polysaccharides formed in fungal glucan synthase reactions has been developed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Using this method, polymers of glucose with 1,3-β-glycosidic linkage and 1,4-α linkage can be readily distinguished. This method has been applied to map oligosaccharides derived by partial acid hydrolysis from fungal glucan synthase reaction products from Candida albicans protoplasts prepared by two different methods.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8297006Publication DOI: 10.1006/abio.1993.1567Journal NLM ID: 0370535Publisher: Academic Press
Institutions: Department of Infectious Disease Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
Methods: HPAEC, enzymatic digestion
- Article ID: 6782
Leal JA, Gomez-Miranda B, Bernabé M, Cano J, Guarro J "The chemical composition of the wall of six species of Aphanoascus: the taxonomic significance of the presence of a-(1-2) (1-6) mannan and a-(1-4) glucan" -
Mycological Research 96 (1992) 363-368
Journal NLM ID: 8913481Publisher: Cambridge University Press
- Article ID: 6842
Bahia MC, Bahia MCFD, Vieira RP, Mulloy B, Hartmann R, Bergter EB "The structures of polysaccharides and glycolipids of Aspergillus fumigatus grown in the presence of human serum" -
Mycopathologia 137(1) (1997) 17-25
A study was made of polysaccharides and glycosphingolipids isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus grown in media supplemented with human serum from healthy donors. Fractionation of Cetavlon-precipitated polysaccharides on Sephacryl S-400 gave rise to an excluded fraction (Fraction I) with molecular weight of >400 kDa and an included peak (Fraction II) with an averagemolecular weight of 30-80 kDa. Fraction I comprises about 5% of total polysaccharide and was identified as a glycogen-like molecule. Its structure was deduced from methylation data, treatment with amyloglucosidase, a red-browncoloration produced with an iodine solution and by 1Hand 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was previously suggested that higher amounts of glycogen-like polysaccharide (20%) were present in A. fumigatus grown in serum-free medium. Fraction II was identified as a galactomannan and was the main polysaccharide of A. fumigatus grown in serum-supplemented medium. Its structure was elucidated mainly by 13C NMR spectroscopy combined with partial acetolysis and methylation analysis. The 13C NMR spectrum of the galactomannan showed a much greater complexity in the b-D-galf and a-D-manp C-1 regions, than was evident for galactomannan from serum-free cultures previously described, reflecting differences in the glycosylation pattern, stimulated in serum-supplemented medium. No differences in A. fumigatus glycosphingolipid could be detected between serum-containing and serum-free growth conditions. Our results demonstrate that the change in polysaccharide structure is a more specific response to the altered growth conditions and not merely a symptom of more general changes.
structure, human, polysaccharide, polysaccharides, glycolipid, serum, glycolipids, human serum, Galactomannan, glucan, Aspergillus fumigatus
NCBI PubMed ID: 9299754Journal NLM ID: 7505689Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Institutions: Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia and Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, ENG 3QG, UK, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Universitaet Bonn, Germany
Methods: methylation, NMR-2D, FAB-MS, GC-MS, partial acetolysis, hydrolysis, iodine reacion
- Article ID: 6964
Youssef F, Roukas T, Biliaderis CG "Pullulan production by a non-pigmented strain of Aureobasidium pullulans using batch and fed-batch culture" -
Process Biochemistry 34 (1999) 355-366
The production of pigment-free pullulan by Aureobasidium pullulans in batch and fed-batch culture was investigated. Batch culture proved to be a better fermentation system for the production of pullulan than the fed-batch culture system. A maximum polysaccharide concentration (31.3 g l−1), polysaccharide productivity (4.5 g l−1 per day), and sugar utilization (100%) were obtained in batch culture. In fed-batch culture, feed medium composition influenced the kinetics of fermentation. For fed-batch culture, the highest values of pullulan concentration (24.5 g l−1) and pullulan productivity (3.5 g l−1 per day) were obtained in culture grown with feeding substrate containing 50 g l−1 sucrose and all nutrients. The molecular size of pullulan showed a decline as fermentation progressed for both fermentation systems. At the end of fermentation, the polysaccharide isolated from the fed-batch culture had a slightly higher molecular weight than that of batch culture. Structural characterization of pullulan samples (methylation and enzymic hydrolysis with pullulanase) revealed the presence of mainly α-(1→4) (~66%) and α-(1→6) (~31%) glucosidic linkages; however, a small amount (<3%) of triply linked (1,3,4-, 1,3,6-, 1,2,4- and 1,4,6-Glc p) residues were detected. The molecular homogeneity of the alcohol-precipitated polysaccharides from the fermentation broths as well as the structural features of pullulan were confirmed by 13C-NMR and pullulanase treatments followed by gel filtration chromatography of the debranched digests.
pullulan, Aureobasidium pullulans, batch culture, fed-batch culture
Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0032-9592(98)00106-XJournal NLM ID: 9211419Publisher: Barking, Essex: Elsevier Applied Science
Correspondence: roukas@agro.auth.gr
Institutions: Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Chania, Alsyllion Agrokepion, PO Box 85, Chania, Crete GR-73 100, Greece, Department of Food Science and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Box 250, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece
Methods: 13C NMR, gel filtration, GC-MS, GC, enzymatic digestion, methylation analysis
- Article ID: 7975
Yang XB, Gao XD, Han F, Xu BS, Song YC, Tan RX "Purification, characterization and enzymatic degradation of YCP, a polysaccharide from marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108" -
Biochimie 87(8) (2005) 747-754
YCP, a mitogenic polysaccharide with its molecular weight (MW) of 2.4 x 10^3 kDa, was isolated from the mycelium of the marine filamentous fungus Phoma herbarum YS4108 by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-32 and gel permeation over Sephacryl S-400. The detailed compositional, spectroscopic and methylation analyses of the polysaccharide demonstrated that its backbone possessed most likely a linear α-(1-4) bonded glucopyranoside main chain co-bearing through side α-(1-6)-linkage. The α-(1-4) bondage of the glucopyranoside building blocks in YCP was confirmed by the observation that it could be hydrolyzed by the α-amylase produced by Bacillus licheniformis. A reliable concentration monitoring experimentation highlighted that the reducing sugars released continuously from YCP during its incubation with the enzyme, and the MW of the main resulting fragment weighed 0.8 x 10^4 Da with approximately 10% of YCP converted to maltose, maltotriose and glucose after a 120-min enzymatic degradation. Finally, YCP was found to be able to increase phagocytic activity of mice in vitro and in vivo, indicating that it may be looked up as a potent immunomodulator that could activate macrophages.
Phoma herbarum, a-amylase, YCP, enzymatic modification, mitogenic activity
NCBI PubMed ID: 15885873Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2005.03.004Journal NLM ID: 1264604Publisher: Paris: Editions Scientifiques Elsevier
Correspondence: Tan RX
; Gao XD
Institutions: Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, TLC, FTIR, HPSEC, UV, ion-exchange chromatography, extraction, optical rotation measurement, methylation analysis, CC, enzymatic assay, precipitation, Sevag method, phagocytosis assay, mitogenic assay
- Article ID: 8016
Stuelp PM, Carneiro Leão AMA, Gorin PAJ, Iacomini M "The glucans of Ramalina celastri: relation with chemotypes of other lichens" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 40(2) (1999) 101-106
Several structurally different glucans were characterized as components of Ramalina celastri. Aqueous KOH extraction of the lichen at 100°C, followed by dialysis provided amylose (0.02%), identified and quantified by its blue coloration with iodine. The extract was frozen and thawed and the resulting precipitate (2% yield) shown to be a mixture of two insoluble D-glucans, with (1→3)- and (1→3),(1→4)-linkages, respectively, as shown by 13C NMR spectroscopy. On treatment with 0.5% aqueous NaOH at 50°C, the material which remained insoluble was a linear β-glucan with regularly distributed (1→3)- and (1→4)-linkages in a 1:1 molar ratio (nigeran, 1.2% yield), whereas that which solubilised was a linear β-glucan with (1→3)-linkages (laminaran, 0.8% yield). The mother liquor of the KOH extraction was treated with Fehling solution to give a precipitate and the supernatant contained an α-D-glucan (28% yield) with (1→3)- and (1→4)- linkages in a molar ratio of 3:1, and which were distributed irregularly. The structures of these two (1→3),(1→4)-linked β-glucans were characterized by methylation, controlled Smith degradation and 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopic analyses.
β-D-glucan, α-D-Glucans, amylose, Ramalina celastri
Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0144-8617(99)00048-XJournal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: iacomini@bio.ufpr.br
Institutions: Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, UFRPE, Recife, Brazil
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, periodate oxidation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, GC, Smith degradation, paper chromatography, HPSEC, viscosity measurement, extraction, methylation analysis, NaBH4 reduction, CC, dialysis, iodine reacion
- Article ID: 8072
Synytsya A, Novak M "Structural diversity of fungal glucans" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 92(1) (2013) 729-809
Fungal glucans represent various structurally different d-glucose polymers with a large diversity of molecular mass and configuration. According to glucose anomeric structure, it is possible to distinguish α-D-glucans, β-D-glucans and mixed α,β-D-glucans. Further discrimination could be made on the basis of glycosidic bond position in a pyranoid ring, distribution of specific glycosidic bonds along a chain, branching and molecular mass. Fungal glucans can be chemically modified to obtain various derivatives of potential industrial or medicinal importance. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool in structural analysis of fungal glucans. Together with chemolytic methods like methylation analysis and periodate oxidation, NMR is able to determine exact structure of these polysaccharides. Fungal glucans or their derivatives exert various biological activities, which are usually linked to structure, molecular mass and substitution degree.
nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical modification, fungal glucans, structural diversity, structure–activity relationship
NCBI PubMed ID: 23218369Publication DOI: 10.1007/s11101-013-9301-9Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Synytsya A
Institutions: Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, enzymatic hydrolysis, extraction, ROESY, methylation analysis, HMBC, SEM, HMQC, NOESY, HSQC, immunocytochemical analyses, HSBC
- Article ID: 8141
Dalonso N, Goldman GH, Gern RM "β-(1→3),(1→6)-Glucans: medicinal activities, characterization, biosynthesis and new horizons" -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 99(19) (2015) 7893-7906
Biological activities of medicinal mushrooms have been attributed to β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans that are present in the cell wall of fungi and some plants. Antitumor, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antinociception, antiinflammatory, prebiotic, antioxidant, and antidiabetic are some of different properties already described for β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans. Immune activation systems, including specific β-glucan receptors like Dectin-1, complement (CR3), and Toll (TLR), have been identified to clarify these biological effects. The β-(1→3)-glucans are synthesized by β-(1→3)-glucan synthase (GLS), an enzyme belonging to the glucosyltransferase group, which has a catalytic unit (FKS) and another regulatory (RHO). The mechanisms for adding β-(1→6) branches to the non-reducing ends of the β-(1→3)-glucan chains are unclear until now. Due to the biological importance of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucan, it is necessary to understand the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of its synthesis, both to optimize the production of bioactive compounds and to develop antifungal drugs that interrupt this process. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather information about the potential of β-(1→3),(1→6)-glucans, their methods of isolation, purification, and chemical characterization, as well as how these biomolecules are synthesized by fungi and what studies involving biotechnology or molecular biology have contributed to this subject.
characterization, biotechnology, molecular biology, β-(1→3), (1→6)-glucans, β-(1→3)-glucan synthase, medicinal activities
NCBI PubMed ID: 26252967Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6849-xJournal NLM ID: 8406612Publisher: Springer
Correspondence: Gern RM
Institutions: Programa de Pós Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Joinville, Brazil, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo—INCT do Bioetanol, Brazil
Methods: NMR, X-ray, GPC, extraction, DEAE, CC, dialysis, HPGPC, precipitation, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, AFM, size exclustion chromatography
- Article ID: 8404
Kagimura FY, da Cunha MAA, Barbosa AM, Dekker RFH, Malfatti CRM "Biological activities of derivatized D-glucans: A review" -
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 72 (2015) 588-598
D-Glucans have triggered increasing interest in commercial applications in the chemical and pharmaceutical sectors because of their technological properties and biological activities. The glucans are foremost among the polysaccharide groups produced by microorganisms with demonstrated activity in stimulating the immune system, and have potential in treating human disease conditions. Chemical alterations in the structure of D-glucans through derivatization (sulfonylation, carboxymethylation, phosphorylation, acetylation) contributes to their increased solubility that, in turn, can alter their biological activities such as antioxidation and anticoagulation. This review surveys and cites the latest advances on the biological and technological potential of D-glucans following chemical modifications through sulfonylation, carboxymethylation, phosphorylation or acetylation, and discusses the findings of their activities. Several studies suggest that chemically modified D-glucans have potentiated biological activity as anticoagulants, antitumors, antioxidants, and antivirals. This review shows that indepth future studies on chemically modified glucans with amplified biological effects will be relevant in the biotechnological field because of their potential to prevent and treat numerous human disease conditions and their clinical complications
exopolysaccharides, α- and β-Glucans, biomolecules
NCBI PubMed ID: 25239192Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.008Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: mcunha@utfpr.edu.br
Institutions: Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco, Brazil, Departamento de Química - CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil, Biorefining and Biotechnology Consultancy, Londrina, Brazil, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (Programa de Pós-Graduac¸ ão em Ciências Farmacêuticas), Campus CEDETEG, Guarapuava, Brazil
- Article ID: 9030
Mingyi Y, Belwal T, Devkota HP, Li L, Luo Z "Trends of utilizing mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) as potent nutraceutical components in food and medicine: A comprehensive review" -
Trends in Food Science and Technology 92 (2019) 94-110
Mushroom polysaccharides (MPs) act as a functional food and perform diverse biological activities. Significance of MPs in various health promoting products have been extensively reported by scientific community mainly on structural features, biological activities, potential uses and advances in their extraction, cultivation and biomolecular techniques which need to be reviewed for their better understanding and utilization. From the perspective of how MPs were utilized in various nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals (NPC) products as health promoting agents, this review aims to comprehensively discuss MPs phyto-pharmacology, structural features, advances and trends of utilization. Moreover, this review also highlights the challenges and future consideration for its holistic utilization in different NPC formulations. MPs were found to be effective against various disease conditions mainly through modulating cell surface receptors. Overall from the last ten years, the research on MPs has increased tremendously and countries like China ranked first. Among various biological activities, MPs are a better choice for antioxidant followed by immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity and its use been increased as functional food. Various advanced techniques for MPs extraction, biomolecular characterization and artificial synthesis for NPC formulations are currently in use, however, the study on its complex structure, better culture and extraction conditions need further research. Moreover, a holistic approach needs to be adopted for mushroom utilization for the production of MPs as functional food. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on MPs research as functional compounds utilized in food and medicine and could be beneficial for various NPC formulations.
immunomodulatory, Antioxidant, bioactivity, Anticancer, mushroom polysaccharides, nutraceuticals
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.009Journal NLM ID: 9426004Publisher: Cambridge, UK: Elsevier Trends Journals
Correspondence: luozisheng@zju.edu.cn
Institutions: Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan, Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health Life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Article ID: 9436
Kaleta B, Roszczyk A, Zych M, Kniotek M, Zagożdżon R, Klimaszewska M, Malinowska E, Pac M, Turło J "Selective biological effects of selenium-enriched polysaccharide (Se-Le-30) isolated from Lentinula edodes mycelium on human immune cells" -
Biomolecules 11(12) (2021) ID 1777
A common edible mushroom Lentinula edodes, is an important source of numerous biologically active substances, including polysaccharides, with immunomodulatory and antitumor properties. In the present work, the biological activity of the crude, homogenous (Se)-enriched fraction (named Se-Le-30), which has been isolated from L. edodes mycelium by a modified Chihara method towards human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and peripheral granulocytes, was investigated. The Se-Le-30 fraction, an analog of lentinan, significantly inhibited the proliferation of human PBMCs stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies or allostimulated, and down-regulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? by CD3+ T cells. Moreover, it was found that Se-Le-30 significantly reduced the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer (NK) cells. The results suggested the selective immunosuppressive activity of this fraction, which is non-typical for mushroom derived polysaccharides.
polysaccharides, Lentinula edodes, selenium, immunosuppressant
NCBI PubMed ID: 34944419Publication DOI: 10.3390/biom11121777Journal NLM ID: 101596414Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: Roszczyk A
; Zych M ; Kniotek M ; Zagożdżon R ; Klimaszewska M ; Malinowska E ; Turło J ; Pac M ; Kaleta B
Institutions: Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Department of Immunology, Transplantology, and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Methods: biological assays, extraction, RP-HPLC, cell growth, cytokine production, cytotoxicity assay, Bradford method, ROS measurement, fluorometry
- Article ID: 9440
Klimaszewska M, Łapienis G, Kaleta B, Gorska S, Kaszowska M, Dawidowski M, Gamian A, Zagożdżon R, Górski A, Turło J "Identification of the primary structure of selenium-containing polysaccharides selectively inhibiting T-cell proliferation" -
Molecules 26(17) (2021) ID 5404
We previously described the biosynthesis, isolation, and immunosuppressive activity of the selenium-containing polysaccharide fraction isolated from the mycelial culture of Lentinula edodes. Structural studies have shown that the fraction was a protein-containing mixture of high molar mass polysaccharides α- and β-glucans. However, which of the components of the complex fraction is responsible for the immunosuppressive activity non-typical for polysaccharides of fungal origin has not been explained. In the current study, we defined four-polysaccharide components of the Se-containing polysaccharide fraction determined their primary structure and examined the effect on T- and B-cell proliferation. The isolated Se-polysaccharides, α-1,4-glucan (Mw 2250000 g/mol), unbranched β-1,6-D-glucan, unbranched β-1,3-D-glucan and β-1,3-branched β-1,6-D-glucan (Mw 110000 g/mol), are not typical as components of the cell wall of L. edodes. All are biologically active, but the inhibitory effect of the isolated polysaccharides on lymphocyte proliferation was weaker, though more selective than that of the crude fraction.
polysaccharides, T lymphocyte, Lentinula edodes, immunosuppressant, Se-containing polysaccharide
NCBI PubMed ID: 34500837Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175404Journal NLM ID: 100964009Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: Klimaszewska M
; Górska S ; Dawidowski M ; Górska S ; Łapienis G ; Kaleta B ; Zagożdżon R ; Kaszowska M ; Gamian A ; Górski A ; Turło J
Institutions: Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Bacteriophage Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland, Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Microbiome Immunobiology Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland, Division of Polymers, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Łodz, Poland, Laboratory of Microbial Immunochemistry and Vaccines, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland, Medical Microbiology Laboratory, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, biological assays, radiolabeling, radioactivity measurement, GPC, ion-exchange chromatography, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, RP-HPLC, precipitation, derivatization, Sevag method
- Article ID: 9678
Xisto MIDDS, Dias LDS, Bezerra FF, Bittencourt VCB, Rollin-Pinheiro R, Cartágenes-Pinto AC, Haido RMT, Mourão PAS, Barreto-Bergter E "An Alpha-Glucan from Lomentospora prolificans Mediates Fungal-Host Interaction Signaling through Dectin-1 and Mincle" -
Journal of Fungi 9(3) (2023) 291
Scedosporium and Lomentospora are a group of filamentous fungi with some clinically relevant species causing either localized, invasive, or disseminated infections. Understanding how the host immune response is activated and how fungi interact with the host is crucial for a better management of the infection. In this context, an α-glucan has already been described in S. boydii, which plays a role in the inflammatory response. In the present study, an α-glucan has been characterized in L. prolificans and was shown to be exposed on the fungal surface. The α-glucan is recognized by peritoneal macrophages and induces oxidative burst in activated phagocytes. Its recognition by macrophages is mediated by receptors that include Dectin-1 and Mincle, but not TLR2 and TLR4. These results contribute to the understanding of how Scedosporium's and Lomentospora's physiopathologies are developed in patients suffering with scedosporiosis and lomentosporiosis.
toll-like receptors, α-glucan, C-type lectin receptors, Lomentospora prolificans, Scedosporium boydii
NCBI PubMed ID: 36983458Publication DOI: 10.3390/jof9030291Journal NLM ID: 101671827Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI AG
Correspondence: M.I.D.D.S. Xisto
; E. Barreto-Bergter
Institutions: Laboratório de Química Biológica de Microrganismos, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil, Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706-1521, USA, Laboratório de Tecido Conjuntivo, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, ELISA, cytokine analysis, HPTLC, statistical analysis, flow cytometry analysis, cytotoxicity assay, TLR4 activation assay, phagocytosis assay, animal experiments, alkaline extraction, a-amyloglucosidase treatment
- Article ID: 9710
Araújo-Rodrigues H, Sousa AS, Relvas JB, Tavaria FK, Pintado M "An overview on mushroom polysaccharides: Health-promoting properties, prebiotic and gut microbiota modulation effects and structure-function correlation" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 333 (2024) ID 121978
Mushroom polysaccharides are recognized as "biological response modifiers". Besides several bioactivities, a growing interest in their prebiotic potential has been raised due to the gut microbiota modulation potential. This review comprehensively summarizes mushroom polysaccharides' biological properties, structure-function relationship, and underlying mechanisms. It provides a recent overview of the key findings in the field (2018-2024). Key findings and limitations on structure-function correlation are discussed. Although most studies focus on β-glucans or extracts, α-glucans and chitin have gained interest. Prebiotic capacity has been associated with α-glucans and chitin, while antimicrobial and wound healing potential is attributed to chitin. However, further research is of utmost importance. Human fecal fermentation is the most reported approach to assess prebiotic potential, indicating impacts on intestinal biological, mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been directly connected with intestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological diseases. Concerning gut microbiota modulation, animal experiments have suggested proinflammatory cytokines reduction and redox balance re-establishment. Most literature focused on the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential. However, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, antilipidemic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties are discussed. A significant overview of the gaps and research directions in synergistic effects, underlying mechanisms, structure-function correlation, clinical trials and scientific data is also given
mushroom polysaccharides, health benefits, 2018–2024 data overview, gut microbiota modulation, structure-function correlation, underlying mechanisms
NCBI PubMed ID: 38494231Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121978Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Araújo-Rodrigues H
; Sousa AS ; Relvas JB ; Tavaria FK ; Pintado M
Institutions: Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal, Program of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Article ID: 9728
Nakazawa T, Kawauchi M, Otsuka Y, Han J, Koshi D, Schiphof K, Ramírez L, Pisabarro AG, Honda Y "Pleurotus ostreatus as a model mushroom in genetics, cell biology, and material sciences" -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 108(1) (2024) ID 217
Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as the oyster mushroom, is a popular edible mushroom cultivated worldwide. This review aims to survey recent progress in the molecular genetics of this fungus and demonstrate its potential as a model mushroom for future research. The development of modern molecular genetic techniques and genome sequencing technologies has resulted in breakthroughs in mushroom science. With efficient transformation protocols and multiple selection markers, a powerful toolbox, including techniques such as gene knockout and genome editing, has been developed, and numerous new findings are accumulating in P. ostreatus. These include molecular mechanisms of wood component degradation, sexual development, protein secretion systems, and cell wall structure. Furthermore, these techniques enable the identification of new horizons in enzymology, biochemistry, cell biology, and material science through protein engineering, fluorescence microscopy, and molecular breeding
cell wall, genome editing, agaricomycete, breeding, mycelial materials, wood degradation
NCBI PubMed ID: 38372792Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13034-4Journal NLM ID: 8406612Publisher: Springer
Correspondence: honda.yoichi.5n@kyoto-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-Cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, Japan, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Article ID: 11247
Critchley JH, Zeeman SC, Takaha T, Smith AM, Smith SM "A critical role for disproportionating enzyme in starch breakdown is revealed by a knock-out mutation in Arabidopsis" -
Plant Journal: for Cell and Molecular Biology 26 (2001) 89-100
Disproportionating enzyme (d-enzyme) is a plastidial α-1,4-glucanotransferase but its role in starch metabolism is unclear. Using a reverse genetics approach we have isolated a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana in which the gene encoding this enzyme (DPE1) is disrupted by a T-DNA insertion. While d-enzyme activity is eliminated in the homozygous dpe1-1 mutant, changes in activities of other enzymes of starch metabolism are relatively small. During the diurnal cycle, the amount of leaf starch is higher in dpe1-1 than in wild type and the amylose to amylopectin ratio is increased, but amylopectin structure is unaltered. The amounts of starch synthesised and degraded are lower in dpe1-1 than in wild type. However, the lower amount of starch synthesised and the higher proportion of amylose are both eliminated when plants are completely de-starched by a period of prolonged darkness prior to the light period. During starch degradation, a large accumulation of malto-oligosaccharides occurs in dpe1-1 but not in wild type. These data show that d-enzyme is required for malto-oligosaccharide metabolism during starch degradation. The slower rate of starch degradation in dpe1-1 suggests that malto-oligosaccharides affect an enzyme that attacks the starch granule, or that d-enzyme itself can act directly on starch. The effects on starch synthesis and composition in dpe1-1 under normal diurnal conditions are probably a consequence of metabolism at the start of the light period, of the high levels of malto-oligosaccharides generated during the dark period. We conclude that the primary function of d-enzyme is in starch degradation.
mutant, Arabidopsis thaliana, starch metabolism, disproportionating enzyme, malto-oligosaccharides
Publication DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2001.01012.xJournal NLM ID: 9207397Publisher: Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific Publishers for the Society for Experimental Biology
Correspondence: s.smith@ed.ac.uk
Institutions: Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK, John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK, Biochemical Research Laboratories, Ezaki Glico Co Ltd, Utajima, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555, Japan
Methods: biological assays, HPAEC-PAD, PAGE, FPLC, extraction, enzymatic assay
- Article ID: 12092
Ciavarella TA, Simpson RJ, Dove H, Leury BJ, Sims IM "Diurnal changes in the concentration of water-soluble carbohydrates in Phalaris aquatica L. pasture in spring, and the effect of short-term shading" -
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51(6) (2000) 749-756
The concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and its components, starch, total nitrogen, and dry matter of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L. cv. Australian) pasture were varied by shading for periods ranging from 38.5 to 46.5 h. In unshaded pasture, WSC concentrations were lowest at sunrise [103 mg/g dry matter (DM)] and increased until early afternoon (to 160 mg/g DM). Sucrose and starch increased in concentration during daylight, whilst the concentrations of glucose, fructose, fructan, and a component of WSC considered to be mainly the carbohydrate moiety of glycoside(s) were relatively constant. The concentrations of starch, and all components of WSC except sucrose, were reduced by shading, but increased to the concentrations observed in the unshaded pasture within 2–4 h after removal of the cover. The fructans present in phalaris were determined to be oligosaccharides of degree of polymerisation (DP) 3 and DP 4 and high molecular mass fructans with DP >10. Nitrogen concentration of shaded pasture was initially higher (4.7% DM) than in unshaded pasture (3.9% DM), but decreased after removal of the shade cover. Dry matter content was reduced in shaded pasture, partly due to increased retention of water on the exterior of plants. The experiment was a precursor for a grazing trial in which the WSC content of pasture was to be altered by shading. It indicated that shading would potentially alter WSC and N concentrations, and DM content, but would have only a relatively small impact on the digestibility of the pasture.
glycosides, nitrogen, digestibility, nutritive value
Publication DOI: 10.1071/AR99150Journal NLM ID: 0144065Publisher: East Melbourne: Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organization
Correspondence: r.simpson@pi.csiro.au
Institutions: CSIRO Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia, Dept of Animal Production, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, Industrial Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Methods: methylation, TLC, acid hydrolysis, extraction, enzymatic assay, centrifugation, anthrone-sulfuric acid assay, ion exchange chromatography, nitrogen determination
- Article ID: 12229
Hellwege EM, Czapla S, Jahnke A, Willmitzer L, Heyer AG "Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers synthesize the full spectrum of inulin molecules naturally occurring in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus) roots" -
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97(15) (2000) 8699-8704
The ability to synthesize high molecular weight inulin was transferred to potato plants via constitutive expression of the 1-SST (sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase) and the 1-FFT (fructan: fructan 1-fructosyltransferase) genes of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus). The fructan pattern of tubers from transgenic potato plants represents the full spectrum of inulin molecules present in artichoke roots as shown by high-performance anion exchange chromatography, as well as size exclusion chromatography. These results demonstrate in planta that the enzymes sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase and fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase are sufficient to synthesize inulin molecules of all chain lengths naturally occurring in a given plant species. Inulin made up 5% of the dry weight of transgenic tubers, and a low level of fructan production also was observed in fully expanded leaves. Although inulin accumulation did not influence the sucrose concentration in leaves or tubers, a reduction in starch content occurred in transgenic tubers, indicating that inulin synthesis did not increase the storage capacity of the tubers.
gene expression, inulin, fructans, potato, artichoke
NCBI PubMed ID: 10890908Publication DOI: 10.1073/pnas.150043797Journal NLM ID: 7505876Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Correspondence: heyer@mpimp-golm.mpg.de
Institutions: Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Golm, Germany
Methods: DNA techniques, HPAEC, extraction, SEC, gene expression
- Article ID: 12383
Jalili T, Wildman REC, Medeiros DM "Nutraceutical roles of dietary fiber" -
Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional and Medical Foods 2(4) (2000) 19-34
Over the years numerous studies have lauded the benefits of a high fiber diet. In fact, fiber along with β-carotene and co-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be viewed as the emissaries of the modern day nutraceutical and functional foods field. In accordance, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved the use of several health claims related to either the specific or general fiber content of a food. Fiberous molecules include the complex carbohydrates cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, algal polysaccharides and mucilages along with the polyphenolic structural molecule lignin. While by strict definition fiber is not considered dietary essential, the health promoting benefits of higher fiber diet has made this class of nutrients very recognizable in the rapidly developing nutraceutical field. Fiber consumption has been linked in decreased incidence of heart disease, various types of cancer, and diverticulosis. While still controversial, it has also been proposed that fiber might be beneficial to individuals with diabetes mellitus in controlling their blood glucose response to a given meal. Fiber structure, physical properties and their role in health promotion will be discussed in this review.
diabetes, cancer, fiber, nutraceuticals, functional foods, heart disease
Publication DOI: 10.1300/J133v02n04_03Journal NLM ID: 9889821Publisher: Binghamton, NY: Pharmaceutical Products Press
Correspondence: wildman@louisiana.edu
Institutions: Division of Foods and Nutrition, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA, Dietetics Program, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, USA, Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
Expand this compound
Collapse this compound
2. Compound ID: 8706
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Trivial name: mannan, neutral mannan, BCG-PSN (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin polysaccharide and nucleic acid), α-mannan
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_136104,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141828,IEDB_141829,IEDB_141831,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153220,IEDB_153762,IEDB_153763,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857732,IEDB_857735,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_191,SB_196,SB_198,SB_44,SB_67,SB_72
The structure is contained in the following publication(s):
- Article ID: 3780
Shashkov AS, Tul'skaya EM, Streshinskaia GM, Senchenkova SN, Avtukh AN, Evtushenko LI "New cell wall glycopolymers of the representatives of the genus Kribbella" -
Carbohydrate Research 344(16) (2009) 2255-2262
Each of the cell walls of four representatives of the genus Kribbella (order Actinomycetales; suborder Propionibacterineae; family Nocardioidaceae) contains a neutral polysaccharide and an acidic polysaccharide with unusual structures. Common to all four strains studied is a mannan with the following repeating unit: In the cell wall of the strain VKM Ac-2541, a teichulosonic acid was identified with a monosaccharide component that has not hitherto been found in Gram-positive bacteria, viz., pseudaminic acid, and an unusual linkage type in the polymeric chain, where R = H (45%), α-D-Galp3OMe (37%) or α-D-Galp2,3OMe (18%). The anionic cell wall components of three other strains are represented by teichuronic acids with a rare constituent, viz., a diaminosugar, 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxyglucopyranose. The structures of their repeating units differ in the nature of the acidic components: →4)-β-D-Manp2,3NAcA-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp2,3NAc-(1→ (VKM Ac-2538 and VKM Ac-2540) and →4)-β-D-ManpNAcA-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp2,3NAc-(1→ (VKM Ac-2539). The structures of all the glycopolymers were established by chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods; they are identified in Gram-positive bacteria for the first time.
NMR spectroscopy, mannan, teichuronic acid, teichulosonic acid, Actinomycetales, Kribbella
NCBI PubMed ID: 19762009Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.08.010Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: em_tulskaya@mail.ru
Institutions: School of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, Moscow, Russian Federation, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), G. K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, acid hydrolysis, GLC, Smith degradation, paper chromatography, composition analysis, electrophoresis, GPC
- Article ID: 4122
Tul'skaya EM, Shashkov AS, Streshinskaia GM, Senchenkova SN, Potekhina NV, Kozlova YI, Evtushenko LI "Teichuronic and teichulosonic acids of actinomycetes" -
Biochemistry (Moscow) 76(7) (2011) 736-744
The subject of the present review is the structural diversity and abundance of cell wall teichuronic and teichulosonic acids of representatives of the order Actinomycetales. Recently found teichulosonic acids are a new class of natural glycopolymers with ald-2-ulosonic acid residues: Kdn (3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid) or di-N-acyl derivatives of Pse (5,7-diamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic or pseudaminic acid) as the obligatory component. The structures of teichuronic and teichulosonic acids are presented. Data are summarized on the occurrence of the glycopolymers of different nature in the cell wall of the studied actinomycetes. The biological role of the glycopolymers and their possible taxonomic implication are discussed. The comprehensive tables given in the Supplement show (13)C NMR spectroscopic data of teichuronic and teichulosonic acids obtained by the authors.
NMR spectroscopy, cell wall, teichuronic acid, actinomycetes, teichulosonic acid
NCBI PubMed ID: 21999534Publication DOI: 10.1134/S0006297911070030Journal NLM ID: 0376536Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
Correspondence: em_tulskaya@mail.ru
Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms (VKM), Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Methods: NMR, ESI-MS, MALDI-TOF MS
- Article ID: 4123
Tul'skaya EM, Streshinskaya GM, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Avtukh AN, Baryshnikova LM, Evtushenko LI "Novel teichulosonic acid from cell walls of some representatives of the genus Kribbella" -
Carbohydrate Research 346(13) (2011) 2045-2051
Cell walls of each of five bacterial strains belonging to the genus Kribbella (family Nocardioidaceae, order Actinomycetales) contain a neutral polysaccharide (mannan) and teichulosonic acid of novel structure in different proportions. The novel teichulosonic acid found in strains VKM Ac-2500, VKM Ас-2568, VKM Ас-2572, and VKM Ас-2575 is a heteropolymer with an irregular structure where fragments I (predominant) alternate with fragments II (minor): The teichulosonic acid from Kribbella sp. VKM Ac-2527 has in general a structure similar to that above with the exception that the Pse residue is randomly glycosylated at O-4 with β-l-Rhap (along with α-d-Galp3OMe or α-d-Galp2,3OMe). The strain VKM Ac-2572 contained additionally teichuronic acid with the disaccharide repeating unit consisted of aminomannuronic acid and 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-α-glucopyranose. The mannan, a polysaccharide common to all of the strains, is built of (1→6)-linked α-d-mannopyranose substituted with α-d-mannopyranose at O-2. The structures of all the glycopolymers were established by a combination of chemical and NMR spectroscopic methods.
NMR spectroscopy, cell wall, teichulosonic acid, Kribbella
NCBI PubMed ID: 21718973Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.003Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: em_tulskaya@mail.ru
Institutions: School of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, ESI-MS, acid hydrolysis, GLC, Smith degradation, paper chromatography, de-O-acetylation, NMR-1D, electrophoresis
- Article ID: 6273
Luo L, Song X, Chang X, Huang S, Zhou Y, Yang S, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Wu M "Detailed Structural Analysis of the Immunoregulatory Polysaccharides from the Mycobacterium Bovis BCG" -
Molecules 27(17) (2022) 5691
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin polysaccharide and nucleic acid (BCG-PSN), extracted from Mycobacterium bovis, is an immunoregulatory medicine commonly used in clinic. However, the structural characteristics and potential pharmacological efficacy of the polysaccharides from BCG-PSN remain unclear. Herein, two polysaccharides (BCG-1 and BCG-2) were purified and their structures were characterized. Monosaccharide composition analysis combined with methylation analysis and NMR data indicated that BCG-1 and BCG-2 were an α-D-(1→4)-mannan with (1→2)-linked branches, and an α-D-(1→4)-glucan with (1→6)-linked branches, respectively. Herein, the mannan from BCG-PSN was first reported. Bioactivity assays showed that BCG-1 and BCG-2 dose-dependently and potently increased the production of inflammatory mediators (NO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10), as well as their mRNA expressions in RAW264.7 cells; both have similar or stronger effects compared with BCG-PSN injection. These data suggest that BCG-1 and BCG-2 are very likely the active ingredients of BCG-PSN.
immunomodulator, mannan, glucan, active ingredients, Mycobacterium Bovis BCG, polysaccharide purification
NCBI PubMed ID: 36080458Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175691Journal NLM ID: 100964009Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: M. Wu
Institutions: State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, Hunan Jiuzhitang Siqi Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha 410329, China, Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, NMR-2D, GC-MS, ESI-MS, MALDI-TOF MS, FTIR, composition analysis, HPLC, UV, statistical analysis, SEC, determination of NO production, cytokine production, cell viability assay, HPGPC, RT-qPCR
- Article ID: 6635
Jiménez-Barbero J, Bernabé M, Leal JA, Prieto A, Gomez-Miranda B "Chemical structure and conformational features of cell-wall polysaccharides isolated from Aphanoascus mephitalus and related species" -
Carbohydrate Research 250 (1993) 289-299
The structures of cell-wall mannans isolated from Aphanoascus mephitalus, A. fulvescens, A. verrucosus, and A. reticulisporus have been investigated by chemical analyses and 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR techniques. It was found that all of them consists of a relatively simple comb-like structure of the disaccharide repeating block [→6)-[α-Manp-(1→2)]-α-Manp-(1→]. The conformations around the α-(1→2) and α-(1→6) linkages in these kinds of polymers were also studied by using molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations, together with NOE data. The results are similar to those found within the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins, with a well-defined conformation for the α-(1→2) linkage and a certain restriction around the α-(1→6) bonding imposed by the 2-substitution.
NCBI PubMed ID: 8131160Journal NLM ID: 0043535Publisher: Elsevier
Institutions: Instituto de Química Orgánica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics
- Article ID: 6782
Leal JA, Gomez-Miranda B, Bernabé M, Cano J, Guarro J "The chemical composition of the wall of six species of Aphanoascus: the taxonomic significance of the presence of a-(1-2) (1-6) mannan and a-(1-4) glucan" -
Mycological Research 96 (1992) 363-368
Journal NLM ID: 8913481Publisher: Cambridge University Press
- Article ID: 6842
Bahia MC, Bahia MCFD, Vieira RP, Mulloy B, Hartmann R, Bergter EB "The structures of polysaccharides and glycolipids of Aspergillus fumigatus grown in the presence of human serum" -
Mycopathologia 137(1) (1997) 17-25
A study was made of polysaccharides and glycosphingolipids isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus grown in media supplemented with human serum from healthy donors. Fractionation of Cetavlon-precipitated polysaccharides on Sephacryl S-400 gave rise to an excluded fraction (Fraction I) with molecular weight of >400 kDa and an included peak (Fraction II) with an averagemolecular weight of 30-80 kDa. Fraction I comprises about 5% of total polysaccharide and was identified as a glycogen-like molecule. Its structure was deduced from methylation data, treatment with amyloglucosidase, a red-browncoloration produced with an iodine solution and by 1Hand 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was previously suggested that higher amounts of glycogen-like polysaccharide (20%) were present in A. fumigatus grown in serum-free medium. Fraction II was identified as a galactomannan and was the main polysaccharide of A. fumigatus grown in serum-supplemented medium. Its structure was elucidated mainly by 13C NMR spectroscopy combined with partial acetolysis and methylation analysis. The 13C NMR spectrum of the galactomannan showed a much greater complexity in the b-D-galf and a-D-manp C-1 regions, than was evident for galactomannan from serum-free cultures previously described, reflecting differences in the glycosylation pattern, stimulated in serum-supplemented medium. No differences in A. fumigatus glycosphingolipid could be detected between serum-containing and serum-free growth conditions. Our results demonstrate that the change in polysaccharide structure is a more specific response to the altered growth conditions and not merely a symptom of more general changes.
structure, human, polysaccharide, polysaccharides, glycolipid, serum, glycolipids, human serum, Galactomannan, glucan, Aspergillus fumigatus
NCBI PubMed ID: 9299754Journal NLM ID: 7505689Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
Institutions: Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia and Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, ENG 3QG, UK, Institut fur Physiologische Chemie der Universitaet Bonn, Germany
Methods: methylation, NMR-2D, FAB-MS, GC-MS, partial acetolysis, hydrolysis, iodine reacion
- Article ID: 9562
Tang N, Wang X, Yang R, Liu Z, Liu Y, Tian J, Xiao L, Li W "Extraction, isolation, structural characterization and prebiotic activity of cell wall polysaccharide from Kluyveromyces marxianus" -
Carbohydrate Polymers 289 (2022) 119457
In this study, three yeast α-mannans (LZ-MPS, MC-MPS, and G-MPS) were extracted from different sources of Kluyveromyces marxianus. The total sugar content of the three α-mannans ranged from 91.13–97.10%, whereas no proteins were detected. A structural arrangement was proposed using ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and one-dimensional and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The main chain of the three yeast α-mannans was formed by a →6)-α-D-Manp-(1→ unit, which was slightly different from the repeating unit of the branch structure. The prebiotic potential of LZ-MPS, MC-MPS, and G-MPS was assessed using in vitro fermentation with pure and faecal cultures. The three yeast α-mannans could be utilised as substrates for the growth of Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains. In addition, the three yeast α-mannans markedly regulated the intestinal microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Phascolarctobacterium and decreasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
Lactobacillus, Structural characterization, gut microbiota, in vitro fermentation, prebiotic activity, Kluyveromyces marxianus, yeast cell wall polysaccharide
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119457Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: W. Li
Institutions: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, anion-exchange chromatography, FTIR, HPLC, HPSEC, UV, extraction, statistical analysis, analysis of gut microbiota, In vitro fermentation
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