Chagas disease (ChD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects millions of people worldwide. Chemotherapy is restricted to two drugs, which are partially effective and may cause severe side effects, leading to cessation of treatment in a significant number of patients. Currently, there are no biomarkers to assess therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in the chronic stage. Moreover, no preventive or therapeutic vaccines are available. In this chapter, we describe the purification of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored mucins (tGPI-mucins) for their use as antigens for the reliable primary or confirmatory diagnosis and as prognostic biomarkers for early assessment of cure following ChD chemotherapy. We also describe, as an example, the synthesis of a potential tGPI-mucin-derived α-Gal-terminating glycan and its coupling to a carrier protein for use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ChD.
neoglycoproteins, Trypanosoma cruzi, diagnosis, biomarkers, mucins, Chagas disease, anti-α-Gal antibodies, carbohydrate synthesis, chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemotherapy
NCBI PubMed ID: 30868536Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9148-8_22Journal NLM ID: 9214969Publisher: Springer
Correspondence: icalmeida@utep.edu
Institutions: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Cochabamba, Bolivia, Fundación CEADES, Cochabamba, Bolivia
Methods: chemical synthesis, MALDI-TOF MS, enzymatic digestion, extraction, LC-MS, conjugation, immunoreactivity assays, CL-ELISA