Show legend Show as text

Structure type: monomer
Trivial name: zeatinriboside
Compound class: glycoside, cytokinin
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_149136

• Article ID: 6190
  Ivanova EG, Doronina NV, Shepeliakovskaia AO, Laman AG, Brovko FA, Trotsenko YA "Facultative and obligate aerobic methylobacteria synthesize cytokinins" - Mikrobiologiia = Microbiology [Russian] 69(6) (2000) 764-769
  

  The presence and expression of genes controlling the synthesis and secretion of cytokinins by the pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph Methylobacterium mesophilicum VKM B-2143 with the serine pathway and nonpigmented obligate methylotroph Methylovorus mays VKM B-2221 with the ribulose monophosphate pathway of C1 metabolism were shown using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR methods. The presence of the corresponding mRNA in M. mesophilicum cells grown on methanol or succinate suggests that the expression of these genes is constitutive. The cytokinin activity of culture liquid and its fractions was determined by a biotest with Amarantus caudatus L. seedlings. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis, we detected zeatin (riboside) in the culture liquid of both bacteria studied. The data obtained show that the aerobic methylobacteria are phytosymbionts that are able to utilize the single- and polycarbon compounds secreted by symbiotic plants and to synthesize cytokinins.

  aerobic methylotrophic bacteria, Methylobacterium mesophilicum, Methylovorus mays, cytokinins, zeatin (riboside), tmr, tzs, and ptz genes

  NCBI PubMed ID: 11195573
  Publication DOI: 10.1023/A:1026693805653
  Journal NLM ID: 0376652
  Publisher: Moskva: Izdatelstvo Nauka
  Institutions: Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry (Pushchino Branch), Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
  Methods: PCR, TLC, ELISA, biological assays, UV, extraction, cell growth, DNA extraction, RNA extraction, precipitation, spectrophotometry, evaporation, centrifugation, gel electrophoresis, germination assay
  
   
  
  Methylobacterium mesophilicum VKM B-2143, Methylovorus mays VKM B-2221
  CSDB ID 66420 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12136
  Dietz KJ, Sauter A, Wichert K, Messdaghi D, Hartung W "Extracellular β-glucosidase activity in barley involved in the hydrolysis of ABA glucose conjugate in leaves" - Journal of Experimental Botany 51(346) (2000) 937-944
  

  Abscisic acid conjugate concentrations increased in barley xylem sap under salinity, whereas it remained at a low level in the intercellular washing fluid (IWF) of barley primary leaves (Hordeum vulgare cv. Gerbel). Here it is shown that IWF contains β-glucosidase activity which releases abscisic acid (ABA) from the physiologically inactive ABA-glucose conjugate pool in the leaf apoplast. The following data support this conclusion and give the first biochemical and physiological characterization of the extracellular glucosidase activity in barley. Free ABA was released by the incubation of ABA glucose ester with IWF. The product exhibited the retention time of authentic ABA upon separation by thin layer chromatography and was identified by ABA-ELISA. p-Nitrophenol-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used as the substrate for β-glucosidases. The K(M)(pNPG) was 1.8 mmol/l. The activity was affected by ABA glucopyranoside in a competitive type of inhibition with a K(I) of 400 μmol/l. Various hormone conjugates were compared with respect to their inhibitory effect on β-glucosidase activity. Inhibition was highest for the ABA glucopyranoside and the zeatin riboside, but insignificant for ABA methyl ester and zeatin-9-β-D-glucoside. The specific activity of the β-glucosidase was 16-fold greater in IWF as compared to crude leaf extracts confirming its extracellular compartmentation. The activity of β-glucosidase was strongly increased after growth in hydroponic medium supplemented with NaCl. The data support the hypothesis that the glucose conjugate is a long-distance transport form of ABA.

  abscisic acid, β-glucosidase, barley, abscisic acid glucose ester, apoplast, salt stress, root:shoot signalling

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10948220
  Journal NLM ID: 9882906
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: karl-josef.dietz@biologie.uni-bielefeld.de
  Institutions: Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, Lehrstuhl für Stoffwechselphysiologie und Biochemie der Pflanzen, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
  Methods: TLC, ELISA, radiolabeling, alkaline hydrolysis, enzymatic digestion, extraction, enzymatic assay, centrifugation
  
   
  
  Hordeum vulgare
  CSDB ID 65329 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12152
  Eklöf S, Åstot C, Sitbon F, Moritz T, Olsson O, Sandberg G "Transgenic tobacco plants co-expressing Agrobacterium iaa and ipt genes have wild-type hormone levels but display both auxin- and cytokinin-overproducing phenotypes" - Plant Journal: for Cell and Molecular Biology 23(2) (2000) 279-284
  

  Transgenic tobacco lines simultaneously expressing the Agrobacterium iaaM, iaaH and ipt genes, obtained by crossing lines expressing ipt with lines expressing iaaM and iaaH, were used to study in planta interactions between auxin and cytokinins. All phenotypic traits of the respective parental lines characteristic of cytokinin and auxin overproduction were present in the cross. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and combined zeatin riboside (ZR) and zeatin riboside-5'-monophosphate (ZRMP) contents were analysed by mass spectrometry in young, developing leaves from the cross, the parental lines and the wild type. Unexpectedly, hormone levels in the cross were very similar to wild-type levels. Thus IAA levels in the cross were much lower throughout vegetative development than in the parental IAA overproducing line, although expression of the bacterial IAA biosynthesis genes was not reduced. The results suggest that effects on apical dominance, adventitious root formation, leaf morphology and other traits commonly +/- associated with IAA and cytokinin overproduction, and observed in the iaa E ipt cross, cannot be explained solely by analysis of auxin and cytokinin contents in individual organs. As traits associated with both hormones are expressed in close spatial and temporal proximity, it is likely that cellular resolution of hormone contents is essential to explain physiological responses to auxins and cytokinins.

  morphology, cytokinin, Nicotiana tabacum, IAA, transgenic plants, ratio hypothesis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10929121
  Publication DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00762.x
  Journal NLM ID: 9207397
  Publisher: Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publishers and BIOS Scientific Publishers for the Society for Experimental Biology
  Correspondence: goran.sandberg@genfys.slu.se
  Institutions: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
  Methods: GC-EI-MS, DNA techniques, radiolabeling, extraction, DNA extraction, LC-FAB-MS
  
   
  
  Nicotiana tabacum cv. W38
  CSDB ID 65385 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12310
  Kokubun M, Honda I "Intra-raceme variation in pod-set probability is associated with cytokinin content in soybeans" - Plant Production Science 3(4) (2000) 354-359
  

  A large proportion of flowers abscise during development in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). A reduction in this abscission might increase pod and seed number, and thereby can lead to an increased yield. Previous studies showed that pod-set probability was greater at proximal positions of individual racemes, and that the probability was enhanced by the exogenously applied cytokinins. However, whether intra-raceme variation in the pod-set probability relates to endogenous cytokinin levels remains unknown. To address this question, intra-raceme variation in cytokinin content and pod-set probability was investigated. A soybean genotype 1X93-100, which has long racemes, was grown in an environmentally controlled chamber (30/20°C day/night temperature, 15 h day length, 600 μmol/m^2/s photosynthetic photon flux density). Flowers, which were divided into three floral positions (proximal, middle, distal) on individual racemes, were sampled at intervals after anthesis. The cytokinins in the samples were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and further quantified by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). The GG-MS analysis revealed that cis-zeatin riboside (c-ZR) and isopentenyl-adenosine (iPA) were predominant forms of cytokinin in soybean racemes. The total amount of these cytokinins in racemes, which was monitored by EIA, peaked one to two weeks after the first flowering on a raceme, when pod development was initiated. Within individual racemes, the total cytokinin concentrations were greater at more proximal floral positions, as was the probability of pod set. Removal of proximal flowers at anthesis enhanced both cytokinin concentrations and pod set at middle positions on the raceme. Thus, pod-set probability was significantly associated with the cytokinin concentration at different floral positions within individual soybean racemes.

  soybean, cytokinin, flower abscission, pod set, raceme

  Publication DOI: 10.1626/pps.3.354
  Journal NLM ID: 101137097
  Publisher: Kyoto: Crop Science Society of Japan
  Correspondence: kokubun@ bios.tohoku.ac.jp
  Institutions: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, japan, National Agriculture Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
  
   
  
  Glycine max IX93-100
  CSDB ID 66100 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12390
  Jordi W, Schapendonk A, Davelaar E, Stoopen GM, Pot CS, De Visser R, Van Rhijn JA, Gan S, Amasino RM "Increased cytokinin levels in transgenic PSAG12-IPT tobacco plants have large direct and indirect effects on leaf senescence, photosynthesis and N partitioning" - Plant, Cell and Environment 23(3) (2000) 279-289
  

  We studied the impact of delayed leaf senescence on the functioning of plants growing under conditions of nitrogen remobilization. Interactions between cytokinin metabolism, Rubisco and protein levels, photosynthesis and plant nitrogen partitioning were studied in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants showing delayed leaf senescence through a novel type of enhanced cytokinin syn-thesis, i.e. targeted to senescing leaves and negatively auto-regulated (PSAG12–IPT), thus preventing developmental abnormalities. Plants were grown with growth-limiting nitrogen supply. Compared to the wild-type, endogenous levels of free zeatin (Z)- and Z riboside (ZR)-type cytokinins were increased up to 15-fold (total ZR up to 100-fold) in senescing leaves, and twofold in younger leaves of PSAG12–IPT. In these plants, the senescence-associated declines in N, protein and Rubisco levels and photosynthesis rates were delayed. Senescing leaves accumulated more (15N-labelled) N than younger leaves, associated with reduced shoot N accumulation (–60%) and a partially inverted canopy N profile in PSAG12–IPT plants. While root N accumulation was not affected, N translocation to non-senescing leaves was progressively reduced. We discuss potential consequences of these modified sink–source relations, associated with delayed leaf senescence, for plant productivity and the efficiency of utilization of light and minerals.

  cytokinins, Chlorophyll, photosynthesis, transgenic plants, canopy N profile, isopentenyl transferase, N-15, Rubisco, remobilization, senescence-associated gene, sink activity

  Publication DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00544.x
  Journal NLM ID: 9309004
  Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications
  Correspondence: a.j.c.devisser@ab.wag-ur.nl
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility (AB), Wageningen, The Netherlands, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department of Agronomy and Tobacco and Health Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, enzyme immunoassay, ESI-MS, biological assays, radiolabeling, HPLC, extraction, CC, isotopic labeling, LC-MS/MS, precipitation, spectrophotometry, evaporation, centrifugation, immunoaffinity chromatography, densitometry
  
   
  
  Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38
  CSDB ID 66456 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12545
  Nogué N, Hocart H, Letham DS, Dennis ES, Chaudhury AM "Cytokinin synthesis is higher in the Arabidopsis amp1 mutant" - Plant Growth Regulation 32 (2000) 267-273
  

  Cytokinins are involved in plant cell proliferation leading to plant growth and morphogenesis. Earlier we described a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, amp1, that had five times higher levels of cytokinin and had a number of pleiotropic phenotypes, including increased cell proliferation and de-etiolated growth in the dark. While these phenotypes were correlated with higher levels of cytokinin, the actual mechanism of how cytokinin is elevated was not elucidated before. In order to understand if the increased cytokinin is a result of increased biosynthesis or decreased degradation we have compared the synthesis of cytokinins from radiolabelled adenine and the degradation of zeatin ribosides and other cytokinins between amp1 and wild type plants. The degradation of the hormone is not affected in the mutant but there is a 4 to 6 fold increase in cytokinin synthesis compared to the wild type. Because the amp1 mutant is recessive we hypothesise that the AMP1 product negatively regulates cytokinin production.

  biosynthesis, metabolism, mutant, Arabidopsis, cytokinin

  Publication DOI: 10.1023/A:1010720420637
  Journal NLM ID: 9886958
  Publisher: The Hague; Boston: Nijhoff/Junk
  Correspondence: nogue@versailles.inra.fr
  Institutions: CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France, Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
  Methods: methylation, DNA techniques, TLC, enzymatic hydrolysis, radioactivity measurement, extraction, HPTLC, evaporation, radioactive labeling, mutation
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Δamp1 mutant), Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia
  CSDB ID 67159 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12616
  Reynoird JP, Dewitte W, Prinsen E, Van Onckelen H, Noin M, Chriqui D "Shooty tumours induced on Gerbera hybrida leaf explants by A. tumefaciens strain 82139 are characterized by high endogenous cytokinin levels" - Acta Horticulture 508 (2000) 261-263
  

  Genetic transformation depends upon the regeneration efficiency. In a precedent work[1], we found differences in bud regeneration capacity from G. hybrida leaf explants excised from various genotypes. In particular, clone 10 regenerated whereas clone 11 did not. Moreover, only juvenile leaf explants regenerated in the presence of BA and NAA. In order to enhance regeneration from mature Gerbera leaf explants, we investigated in this work effect of inoculation with A. tumefaciens strain 82139. As for other species [2,3], this strain was able to induce shooty tumours. This capacity was related to high levels of zeatin riboside as revealed by hormone quantification.

  Agrobacterium, Auxin, LC-MS, in vitro culture, cytokinin, Gerbera, bud regeneration

  Publication DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2000.508.41
  Institutions: INRA C.R Angers, Unité d' Amélioration des Espèces Frutières et Ornementales, Beaucouzé, France, University of Antwerp (UIA), Department of Biology, Antwerp, Belgium, Université P. et M. Curie, Laboratoire C.E.M.V., Paris, France
  Methods: PCR, MS, extraction, histochemical assay
  
   
  
  Gerbera hybrida
  CSDB ID 67447 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: monomer
Trivial name: dihydrozeatinriboside
Compound class: glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_149136

• Article ID: 12000
  Angra-Sharma R, Sharma DK "Cytokinins in pathogenesis and disease resistance of Pyrenophora teres-barley and Dreschslera maydis-maize interactions during early stages of infection" - Mycopathologia 148(2) (2000) 87-95
  

  Infection of Hordeum vulgare L. by Pyrenophora teres and of Zea mays by Dreschslera maydis were characterized by 'green island' formation, higher cytokinin levels and accumulation of metabolites in the infected areas. Higher cytokinin concentrations of the order 6-Y,Y-dimethylallylaminopurine > zeatinriboside > zeatin > dihydrozeatinriboside were detected at infection sites of susceptible hosts. By virtue of these cytokinins, infection sites may be acting as metabolic sinks helping proliferation of the pathogen. Existence of translocatory sinks at infection zones was confirmed from autoradiographic studies, where, accumulation of labeled metabolites was prominent at infection sites of susceptible hosts. Upon infection the lower cytokinin levels of resistant hosts decreased further with progress of infection. In the infected resistant hosts the concentrations of zeatin/zeatinriboside were the maximum among the four identified cytokinins. The pathogen is also capable of secreting cytokinins as evident from quantification of cytokinins in culture filtrate extracts using HPLC. Since detached leaves were used in the experiments the increase/decrease of various cytokinin levels may be attributed to pathogen influence. The increase in cytokinin levels in the susceptible host may be aiding the growth of the pathogen on one hand, while the decrease in the infected resistant host may signal the host to activate defenses against a potential pathogen at the early stage of infection.

  HPLC, cytokinins, Pyrenophora teres, barley, maize, autoradiography, Dreschslera maydis, green islands

  NCBI PubMed ID: 11189749
  Publication DOI: 10.1023/a:1007126025955
  Journal NLM ID: 7505689
  Publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers
  Institutions: Lab#11, Botany Department, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
  Methods: radiolabeling, HPLC, extraction, cell growth, autoradiography
  
   
  
  Hordeum vulgare, Zea mays
  CSDB ID 64721 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12006
  Åstot C, Dolezal K, Moritz T, Sandberg G "Deuterium in vivo labelling of cytokinins in Arabidopsis thaliana analysed by capillary liquid chromatography/frit-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry" - Journal of Mass Spectrometry 35(1) (2000) 13-22
  

  A method was developed for analysing the biosynthetic rate of the cytokinin class of plant hormones. Transgenic, cytokinin-overproducing Arabidopsis thaliana plants were incubated in liquid culture media enriched with 30% deuterium oxide, and incorporation into the different parts of the cytokinin molecule was analysed by capillary liquid chromatography/frit-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry after precolumn propionylation. The sugar moieties of the cytokinins generally showed a high and independent incorporation, so the analysis in this study focused on the cytokinin base moieties. It was observed that during a 24 h incubation period almost all labelling was incorporated into the side-chain, rather than the adenine moiety. The incorporation dynamics of isopentenyladenosine-5'-monophosphate, zeatinriboside-5'-monophosphate (ZRMP) and zeatin-9-glucoside were investigated through analysis of the cytokinin base fragments in high-resolution selective ion monitoring mode. Using a fractional synthetic rate approach, the biosynthetic rate of ZRMP was determined to be 18 ng/h/g fresh weight, giving a turnover time of 25 h. A method for the mass isotopomer abundance analysis of the cytokinins in the zeatin family, based on selective reaction monitoring, was also developed to gain further sensitivity. Use of this technique showed that there was a higher level of enrichment in zeatin nucleotide than in the corresponding nucleoside, in agreement with the hypothesis that cytokinin nucleotides are primary products in this pathway.

  Fast Atom Bombardment, Arabidopsis thaliana, in vivo labelling, isotopomer, cytokinin biosynthesis

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10633230
  Publication DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(200001)35:1<13::AID-JMS901>3.0.CO;2-I
  Journal NLM ID: 9504818
  Publisher: Chichester, UK: Wiley
  Institutions: Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
  Methods: HPLC, enzymatic digestion, extraction, isotopic labeling, derivatization, cation-exchange chromatography, immunoafinity chromatography, SRM-MS, HR-SIMS, LC-FAB-MS
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  CSDB ID 64759 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12390
  Jordi W, Schapendonk A, Davelaar E, Stoopen GM, Pot CS, De Visser R, Van Rhijn JA, Gan S, Amasino RM "Increased cytokinin levels in transgenic PSAG12-IPT tobacco plants have large direct and indirect effects on leaf senescence, photosynthesis and N partitioning" - Plant, Cell and Environment 23(3) (2000) 279-289
  

  We studied the impact of delayed leaf senescence on the functioning of plants growing under conditions of nitrogen remobilization. Interactions between cytokinin metabolism, Rubisco and protein levels, photosynthesis and plant nitrogen partitioning were studied in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants showing delayed leaf senescence through a novel type of enhanced cytokinin syn-thesis, i.e. targeted to senescing leaves and negatively auto-regulated (PSAG12–IPT), thus preventing developmental abnormalities. Plants were grown with growth-limiting nitrogen supply. Compared to the wild-type, endogenous levels of free zeatin (Z)- and Z riboside (ZR)-type cytokinins were increased up to 15-fold (total ZR up to 100-fold) in senescing leaves, and twofold in younger leaves of PSAG12–IPT. In these plants, the senescence-associated declines in N, protein and Rubisco levels and photosynthesis rates were delayed. Senescing leaves accumulated more (15N-labelled) N than younger leaves, associated with reduced shoot N accumulation (–60%) and a partially inverted canopy N profile in PSAG12–IPT plants. While root N accumulation was not affected, N translocation to non-senescing leaves was progressively reduced. We discuss potential consequences of these modified sink–source relations, associated with delayed leaf senescence, for plant productivity and the efficiency of utilization of light and minerals.

  cytokinins, Chlorophyll, photosynthesis, transgenic plants, canopy N profile, isopentenyl transferase, N-15, Rubisco, remobilization, senescence-associated gene, sink activity

  Publication DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00544.x
  Journal NLM ID: 9309004
  Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications
  Correspondence: a.j.c.devisser@ab.wag-ur.nl
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility (AB), Wageningen, The Netherlands, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department of Agronomy and Tobacco and Health Research Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, enzyme immunoassay, ESI-MS, biological assays, radiolabeling, HPLC, extraction, CC, isotopic labeling, LC-MS/MS, precipitation, spectrophotometry, evaporation, centrifugation, immunoaffinity chromatography, densitometry
  
   
  
  Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38
  CSDB ID 66457 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 12545
  Nogué N, Hocart H, Letham DS, Dennis ES, Chaudhury AM "Cytokinin synthesis is higher in the Arabidopsis amp1 mutant" - Plant Growth Regulation 32 (2000) 267-273
  

  Cytokinins are involved in plant cell proliferation leading to plant growth and morphogenesis. Earlier we described a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, amp1, that had five times higher levels of cytokinin and had a number of pleiotropic phenotypes, including increased cell proliferation and de-etiolated growth in the dark. While these phenotypes were correlated with higher levels of cytokinin, the actual mechanism of how cytokinin is elevated was not elucidated before. In order to understand if the increased cytokinin is a result of increased biosynthesis or decreased degradation we have compared the synthesis of cytokinins from radiolabelled adenine and the degradation of zeatin ribosides and other cytokinins between amp1 and wild type plants. The degradation of the hormone is not affected in the mutant but there is a 4 to 6 fold increase in cytokinin synthesis compared to the wild type. Because the amp1 mutant is recessive we hypothesise that the AMP1 product negatively regulates cytokinin production.

  biosynthesis, metabolism, mutant, Arabidopsis, cytokinin

  Publication DOI: 10.1023/A:1010720420637
  Journal NLM ID: 9886958
  Publisher: The Hague; Boston: Nijhoff/Junk
  Correspondence: nogue@versailles.inra.fr
  Institutions: CSIRO Division of Plant Industry, Canberra, Australia, Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, France, Cooperative Research Centre for Plant Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
  Methods: methylation, DNA techniques, TLC, enzymatic hydrolysis, radioactivity measurement, extraction, HPTLC, evaporation, radioactive labeling, mutation
  
   
  
  Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Δamp1 mutant), Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia
  CSDB ID 67160 (all data & tools)