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Structure type: oligomer
Aglycon: mannan core
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136095,IEDB_137472,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_149176,IEDB_158538,IEDB_190606,IEDB_232584,IEDB_2346541,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 6297
  Qi M, Zheng C, Wu W, Yu G, Wang P "Exopolysaccharides from Marine Microbes: Source, Structure and Application" - Marine Drugs 20(8) (2022) 512
  

  The unique living environment of marine microorganisms endows them with the potential to produce novel chemical compounds with various biological activities. Among them, the exopolysaccharides produced by marine microbes are an important factor for them to survive in these extreme environments. Up to now, exopolysaccharides from marine microbes, especially from extremophiles, have attracted more and more attention due to their structural complexity, biodegradability, biological activities, and biocompatibility. With the development of culture and separation methods, an increasing number of novel exopolysaccharides are being found and investigated. Here, the source, structure and biological activities of exopolysaccharides, as well as their potential applications in environmental restoration fields of the last decade are summarized, indicating the commercial potential of these versatile EPS in different areas, such as food, cosmetic, and biomedical industries, and also in environmental remediation.

  structure, exopolysaccharides, EPS, marine microorganisms, biological activities, environmentalremediation

  NCBI PubMed ID: 36005515
  Publication DOI: 10.3390/md20080512
  Journal NLM ID: 101213729
  Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  Correspondence: W. Wu ; G. Yu ; P. Wang
  Institutions: College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China, Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
  
   
  
  Alternaria sp. SP-32
  CSDB ID 21131 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 27400
Compound class: EPS, glucogalactan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136095,IEDB_137472,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_149176,IEDB_158538,IEDB_190606,IEDB_2346541,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 8766
  Chen Y, Mao WJ, Yan MX, Liu X, Wang SY, Xia Z, Xiao B, Cao SJ, Yang BQ, Li J "Purification, chemical characterization, and bioactivity of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by the marine sponge endogenous fungus Alternaria sp. SP-32" - Marine Biotechnology 18(3) (2016) 301-313
  

  Marine sponges are ancient and simple multicellular filter-feeding invertebrates attached to solid substrates in benthic habitats and host a variety of fungi both inside and on their surface because of its unique ingestion and digest system. Investigation on marine sponge-associated fungi mainly focused on the small molecular metabolites, yet little attention had been paid to the extracellular polysaccharides. In this study, a homogeneous extracellular polysaccharide AS2-1 was obtained from the fermented broth of the marine sponge endogenous fungus Alternaria sp. SP-32 using ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and size-exclusion chromatography. Results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses showed that AS2-1 was composed of mannose, glucose, and galactose with a molar ratio of 1.00:0.67:0.35, and its molecular weight was 27.4 kDa. AS2-1 consists of a mannan core and a galactoglucan chain. The mannan core is composed of (1→6)-α-Manp substituted at C-2 by (1→2)-α-Manp with different degrees of polymerization. The galactoglucan chain consists of (1→6)-α-Glcp residues with (1→6)-β-Galf residues attached to the last glucopyranose residue at C-6. (1→6)-β-Galf residues have additional branches at C-2 consisting of disaccharide units of (1→2)-β-Galf and (1→2)-α-Glcp residues. The glucopyranose residue of the galactoglucan chain is linked to the mannan core. AS2-1 possessed a high antioxidant activity as evaluated by scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. AS2-1 was also evaluated for cytotoxic activity on Hela, HL-60, and K562 cell lines by the MTT and SRB methods. The investigation demonstrated that AS2-1 was a novel extracellular polysaccharide with different characterization from extracellular polysaccharides produced by other marine microorganisms.

  extracellular polysaccharide, chemical characterization, bioactivity, Alternaria sp. SP-32, marine sponge endogenous fungus

  NCBI PubMed ID: 27153822
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9696-6
  Journal NLM ID: 100892712
  Correspondence: Mao WJ
  Institutions: College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China, Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, Institute of Marine Drugs and Foods, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, ESI-MS, GC, reduction with NaBD4, acetylation, methylation analysis, cytotoxicity assay, HPGPC, HMBC, radical scavenging assay, HMQC, COSY, NOESY, HCl hydrolysis, TFA hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Alternaria sp. SP-32
  CSDB ID 42893 (all data & tools)