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Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_153543,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 7058
  Volman JJ, Helsper JP, Wei S, Baars JJ, van Griensven LJ, Sonnenberg AS, Mensink RP, Plat J. "Effects of mushroom-derived β-glucan-rich polysaccharide extracts on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages and nuclear factor-κB transactivation in Caco-2 reporter cells: Can effects be explained by structure?" - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 54(2) (2010) 268-276
  

  Mushrooms are known for their immune-modulating and anti-tumour properties. The polysaccharide fraction, mainly β-glucans, is responsible for the immune-modulating effects. Fungal β-glucans have been shown to activate leukocytes, which depend on structural characteristics of β-glucans. As edible mushrooms come in contact with the intestinal immune system, effects on enterocytes are also interesting. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of mushroom polysaccharide extracts varying in β-glucan structure on nitric oxide production by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) from mice and on nuclear factor-kappaB transactivation in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. We demonstrated that extracts from Agaricus bisporus stimulated nitric oxide production by BMM, whereas extracts from Coprinus comatus and spores of Ganoderma lucidum had only minor effects. Furthermore, extracts of A. blazei Murill and Phellinus linteus had no effect at all. Almost all mushroom extracts lowered nuclear factor-kappaB transactivation in Caco-2 cells. Structural analysis of A. bisporus compared with A. blazei Murill suggests that branching of the β-glucan chain is essential for immune-stimulating activity. In conclusion, extracts from A. bisporus activate BMM, without activating enterocytes. These characteristics make A. bisporus an attractive candidate as a nutritional compound to stimulate the immune response in depressed states of immunity.

  mushroom, immune response, intestinal epithelial cells, Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Dietary

  NCBI PubMed ID: 19885842
  Publication DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900009
  Journal NLM ID: 101231818
  Publisher: Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag
  Correspondence: J.Plat@hb.unimaas.nl
  Institutions: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Plant Research International, Wageningen University, The Netherlands, Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, The Netherlands
  Methods: methylation, GC-MS, chemical analysis, acid hydrolysis, biological assays, composition analysis, HPLC, statistical analysis, determination of NO production, TNF-a assay
  
   
  
  Agaricus blazei Murell
  CSDB ID 42157 (all data & tools)