Show legend Show as text

Structure type: monomer
C₂₁H₃₀O₁₁
Compound class: glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 7528
  De Boevre M, Di Mavungu JD, Landschoot S, Audenaert K, Eeckhout M, Maene P, Haesaert G, De Saeger S "Natural occurrence of mycotoxins and their masked forms in food and feed products" - World Mycotoxin Journal 5(3) (2012) 207-219
  

  A total of 174 cereal-based food products, 67 compound feeds and 19 feed raw materials were analysed for the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, and their respective masked forms, including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate. Fibre-enriched bread, bran-enriched bread, cornflakes, popcorn and oatmeal were collected in Belgian supermarkets from April 2010 to October 2011. All food samples analysed were contaminated with an average of 2 to 6 mycotoxins, including 1 to 3 masked forms. Feed raw materials that were used in the analysed compound feeds were collected by the manufacturer. Feed raw materials included were beet pulp, sunflower seed meal, soy bean, soy peel, oats, barley, maize germs, maize gluten feed, maize, wheat gluten feed, wheat bran pellets, wheat bran and wheat. Beet pulp, sunflower seed meal, soy bean and soy peel were hardly contaminated. The feed raw materials that were mostly infected with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and derivatives were maize and its by-products. Also, the glucosylated and sulfated forms occurred in substantial amounts. As well, wheat and its by-products were contaminated with α-zearalenol (wheat gluten feed and wheat bran) and zearalenone (wheat). The contamination pattern and level of feed raw materials were reflected in the corresponding compound feeds.

  Fusarium, trichothecenes, food and feed, LC-MS/MS, masked mycotoxins, myco-oestrogens

  Publication DOI: 10.3920/WMJ2012.1410
  Journal NLM ID: 101486765
  Publisher: Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers
  Correspondence: marthe.deboevre@ugent.be
  Institutions: Department of Bio-Analysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Applied Bioscience Engineering, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Bioscience Engineering, University College Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
  Methods: extraction, LC-ESI-MS/MS, evaporation
  
   
  
  Fusarium
  CSDB ID 44211 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 7546
  Chełkowski J, Gromadzka K, Stȩpień Ł, Lenc L, Kostecki M, Berthiller F "Fusarium species, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol content in preharvest scabby wheat heads from Poland" - World Mycotoxin Journal 5(2) (2012) 133-141
  

  High incidence of Fusarium head blight occurred in Northern and Southern Poland in the 2009 season. Head samples from 106 wheat fields were collected before harvest from Northern, Central and Southern Poland in August 2009. Fusarium species were identified in 1,311 heads with visible scab symptoms and the collected material was subjected to mycotoxin analyses. Fusarium graminearum was identified as the most frequently occurring species on wheat, present in 48% of all samples examined. This species prevailed in Northern and Southern Poland, with the frequencies of 53% and 55%, respectively, and its frequency has increased over five-fold after two decades. In the central part of the country, Fusarium culmorum was the major pathogen of wheat, with a frequency of 43%, although in this region the incidence of infected heads in wheat fields was lower than 1%. Several other species, including Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium cerealis and Microdochium nivale, occurred with lower frequencies. Microscopic identification of species was confirmed using species-specific markers in DNA extracted directly from sporodochia. For the first time, glucosylated deoxynivalenol was identified in Polish cereals, in amounts of 1.6 to 7.4 mg/kg. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content was estimated between 1.7 and 11.9 mg/kg for the healthy looking kernels (HLK) fraction, while the Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) were contaminated with high amounts of DON, from 57.3 to 312.3 mg/kg, and zearalenone, from 0.035 to 4.48 mg/kg. The HLK fractions contained about 20 times less DON and zearalenone (ZEA) than the FDK fractions. ZEA accumulated in both FDK kernels and chaff fractions at a similar level. DON was accumulated in the chaff fraction in much lower amounts than in the FDK fraction.

  wheat, Fusarium, deoxynivalenol, Fusarium head blight, zearalenone

  Publication DOI: 10.3920/WMJ2011.1304
  Journal NLM ID: 101486765
  Publisher: Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers
  Correspondence: kgromadz@up.poznan.pl
  Institutions: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Poznań, Poland, Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology, Jan and Jȩdrzej Śniadecki, University of Technology and Life Sciences, Bydgoszcz, Poland, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
  Methods: HPLC, enzymatic digestion, extraction, LC-MS/MS
  
   
  
  Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Microdochium nivale
  CSDB ID 44275 (all data & tools)