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Structure type: oligomer
С₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_151528,IEDB_153201,IEDB_156493,IEDB_190606,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_195,SB_7,SB_88

• Article ID: 7547
  Yin H, Bultema JB, Dijkhuizen L, Leeuwen SS "Reaction kinetics and galactooligosaccharide product profiles of the β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae" - Food Chemistry 225 (2017) 230-238
  

  β-Galactosidase enzymes are used in the dairy industry to convert lactose into galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are added to infant formula to mimic the molecular sizes and prebiotic functions of human milk oligosaccharides. Here we report a detailed analysis of the clearly different GOS profiles of the commercial β-galactosidases from Bacillus circulans, Kluyveromyces lactis and Aspergillus oryzae. Also the GOS yields of these enzymes differed, varying from 48.3% (B. circulans) to 34.9% (K. lactis), and 19.5% (A. oryzae). Their incubation with lactose plus the monosaccharides Gal or Glc resulted in altered GOS profiles. Experiments with 13C6 labelled Gal and Glc showed that both monosaccharides act as acceptor substrates in the transgalactosylation reactions. The data shows that the lactose isomers β-D-Galp-(1→2)-D-Glcp, β-D-Galp-(1→3)-D-Glcp and β-D-Galp-(1→6)-D-Glcp are formed from acceptor reactions with free Glc and not by rearrangement of Glc in the active site.

  β-Galactosidase, Prebiotics, Bacillus circulans, galactooligosaccharides, Aspergillus oryzae, Kluyveromyces lactis, infant nutrition

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.01.030
  Journal NLM ID: 7702639
  Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
  Correspondence: Yin H ; Bultema JB ; Dijkhuizen L ; Leeuwen SS
  Institutions: Microbial Physiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, DNA sequencing, DNA techniques, MALDI-TOF MS, HPAEC-PAD, ROESY, TOCSY, enzymatic synthesis, COSY, HSQC
  
   
  
  Kluyveromyces lactis, Aspergillus oryzae
  CSDB ID 44514 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 11480
  Delgobo CL, Gorin PAJ, Tischer CA, Iacomini M "The free reducing oligosaccharides of angico branco (Anadenanthera colubrina) gum exudate: an aid for structural assignments in the heteropolysaccharide" - Carbohydrate Research 320(3-4) (1999) 167-175
  

  A novel method is described for the determination of sequential side-chain structures in the complex, high-arabinose polysaccharide of the gum exudate of angico branco (Anadenanthera colubrina), using as basis the structurally similar reducing oligosaccharides present in small quantities. Of the ten detected, eight were characterized as disaccharides (2, 3, and 9), linear trisaccharides (1 and 4), branched pentasaccharides (5 and 6), and a doubly branched heptasaccharide (8). The oligosaccharides are substituents of the polysaccharide, which has a (1→3)-linked β-D-galactopyranosyl main chain, and with two exceptions they had 6-O-substituted galactopyranosyl reducing ends, probably corresponding to its main-chain units. Characterization was effected through their 1D and 2D NMR correlation spectra, which were better resolved and more readily interpretable than those of the polysaccharide. These spectral data were supported by monosaccharide composition and rotation values. Controlled Smith degradations and methylation analyses were carried out when it was necessary. These data were confirmed by field-desorption MS.

  polysaccharide, free, gum, Angico branco, Anadenanthera colubrina, reducing oligosaccharides, structural similarity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10573855
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(99)00159-7
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: Gorin PAJ
  Institutions: Departamento de Análises Clı́nicas, Universidade de Santa Catarina, Caixa Postal 0476, 88040-970, Florianópolis-SC, Brazil, Departamento de Bioquı́mica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19046, 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, GC-MS, ESI-MS, acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, HPLC, periodate oxidation, optical rotation measurement, MALDI-TOF, ROESY, TOCSY, methylation analysis, reduction with NaBH4, PC, HMBC, HMQC, DEPT, COSY
  
   
  
  Anadenanthera colubrina
  CSDB ID 62937 (all data & tools)