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Fungi residing in mangroves are considered to be a bank of novel bioactive natural products. In the screening for bioactive metabolites from mangrove-derived fungi, the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of Aspergillus fumigatus JRJ111048, a fungus isolated from the leaves of the mangrove plant Acrostichum specioum endemic to Hainan island, was found to possess insecticidal activity against Spodoptera litura. Bioactivity-guided isolation lead to the discovery of seven metabolites 1-7, including one new anhydride derivative aspergide (1), one new lipid amide 11-methyl-11-hydroxyldodecanoic acid amide (2), and five known compounds; α-ethyl glucoside (3), spiculisporic acid B (4), spiculisporic acid C (5), spiculisporic acid (6), and secospiculisporic acid B (7). Their structures were established by NMR spectroscopic and MS analyses, and by comparison of previously reported data. Insecticidal activity against S. litura and antifungal activity of these compounds were investigated. As a result, the new compound 1 showed potent insecticidal activity against newly hatched larvae of S. litura, and compound 4 displayed weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

antifungal activity, Aspergillus fumigatus, Acrostichum specioum, anhydride, fatty acid amide, insecticidal activity, mangrove endophyte

NCBI PubMed ID: 29211003
Publication DOI: 10.3390/md15120381
Journal NLM ID: 101213729
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: Molecular Diversity Preservation International
Correspondence: Mei W ; Dai H
Institutions: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Products from Li Folk Medicine, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, HPLC, HR-ESI-MS

We developed a sake metabolome analysis method using liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the metabolome of various types of sakes and other alcohol beverages. Our method identified 198 compounds by comparison with standard metabolites. Using this method, we investigated the relationship between several sake-making parameters and sake metabolites by conducting combination experiments of these parameters using small-scale fermentation. The results indicated that all parameters significantly affected sake metabolites (P < 0.005) and most peaks were affected by multiple sake-making parameters. Interestingly, the effect of the rice cultivar on sake metabolites was higher for koji rice than for kake-rice. This result suggests that the rice cultivar used has a greater effect on the characteristics of Aspergillus oryzae compared to sake yeast and affects sake metabolites. In this study, we also evaluated the combined effect of several parameters. We demonstrated the different effects of each parameter on several amino acids. The results showed a new aspect of the science of sake making. For example, the amount of α-ethylglucoside, which can affect the taste of sake, was negatively correlated with α-glucosidase activity in koji (r = -0.84). In this study, various unidentified peaks were observed; detectable peaks can be increased by analyzing additional standard reagents. Investigating these unidentified peaks and accumulating datasets for sake-making parameters will give us insight into how to improve sake taste and quality.

metabolomics, japanese sake, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, rice polishing ratio, sake rice, sake yeast

NCBI PubMed ID: 30885682
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.013
Journal NLM ID: 100888800
Publisher: Osaka, Japan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering
Correspondence: h.yazawa@nrib.go.jp
Institutions: National Research Institute of Brewing, Higashihiroshima, Japan, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Science of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Fermentation Science, Tokyo, Japan
Methods: ESI-QTOF-MS, cell growth, enzymatic assay, UPLC

Although most fungi cause pathogenicity toward human beings, dynasties of the East Asian region have domesticated and utilized specific fungi for medical applications. The Japanese dynasty and nation have domesticated and utilized koji fermented with non-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus oryzae for more than 1300 years. Recent research has elucidated that koji contains medicinal substances such as Taka-diastase, acid protease, koji glycosylceramide, kojic acid, oligosaccharides, ethyl-α-d-glucoside, ferulic acid, ergothioneine, pyroglutamyl leucine, pyranonigrin A, resistant proteins, deferriferrichrysin, polyamines, Bifidobacterium-stimulating peptides, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor peptides, 14-dehydroergosterol, β-glucan, biotin, and citric acid. This review introduces potential medical applications of such medicinal substances to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and cognitive diseases, chronic inflammation, epidermal permeability barrier disruption, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and anti-cancer therapy.

fermentation, Aspergillus, fungi, koji, medical application, medicinal substances, non-pathogenic fungus

NCBI PubMed ID: 33804991
Publication DOI: 10.3390/jof7040243
Journal NLM ID: 101671827
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI AG
Correspondence: ktgkhrs@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
Institutions: Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga, Japan