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The genus Cordyceps, which comprises a group of insect parasitizing fungi, is regarded as an important component of traditional Chinese medicines and extensively investigated for its pharmacological actions. A wide range of natural products such as proteins, cyclic peptides, polyamines, nucleosides, polysaccharides, and sterols have been reported to be present in Cordyceps. Nucleosides cordycepin and its analogs, polysaccharides, and sterols are the major bioactive compounds in Cordyceps, which are associated with multiple pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, immunomodulatory, aphrodisiac, and hypoglycemic properties. Most of the health benefits of Cordyceps were reported from in vitro and in vivo animal experiments and a few clinical trials. Cordyceps is considered as generally safe for human use and has a potential to be used as adjunctive therapy in diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and renal failure; however, no well-defined toxicological studies have been published. Because of significant structural and compositional variation among bioactive compounds and the potential of contamination/adulteration, quality control of Cordyceps or Cordyceps-based dietary supplements is critical to ensure its safety and efficacy. This review highlights the recent advances in profiling the bioactive compounds from Cordyceps sinensis, their pharmacological properties, and quality control of this supplement.

Cordyceps sinensis, quality control, cordycep in pharmacology, active components

Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59603-1.00013-8
Publisher: New York: Elsevier
Editors: Atta-ur-Rahman
Institutions: Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, IR, HPLC-UV MS

Determination of nucleosides is important for the quality control of Cordyceps species due to their physiological and pharmacological actions. Herein, a simple and rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of eleven nucleosides, i.e. uracil, cytidine, uridine, inosine, guanosine, adenine, thymine, adenosine, 2’-deoxyuridine, 2’-deoxyadenosine, and 3’-deoxyadenosine. The separation was performed on a Shimadzu VP-ODS column (4.6 × 250 mm i.d. 5 μm) using a gradient elution with a methanol/water mobile phase in 14 min. The calibration curves of 11 analytes showed good linearity with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9997) within the test ranges. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 11 analytes were less than 0.01 μg/mL. The overall relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day were lower than 2.7 and 5.0%, respectively. Under the developed method, it was found adenosine was the most abundant nucleoside, and two unique nucleosides, i.e. 2’-deoxyuridine, and 2’-deoxyadenosine were detected in cultured medicinal macrofungus C. taii. This work demonstrated that the developed method has been successfully applied for the rapid analysis of nucleosides in cultured Cordyceps, and is expected to be used for the quality control of related pharmaceutical products.

Cordyceps, RP-HPLC-DAD, nucleosides, quantitative detection

WWW link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280520171_Simple_and_Rapid_Method_for_Simultaneous_Determination_of_Eleven_Nucleosides_and_Nucleobases_in_Medicinal_Macrofungus_Cordyceps_taii
Publisher: La Plata, Argentina: Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Correspondence: Xiao JH ; Zhong JJ
Institutions: Division of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Methods: UV, extraction, sonication, centrifugation, HPLC-DAD

A rapid, sensitive and reliable indicator displacement assay (IDA) for specific detection of 2'- and 3'-deoxyadenosine (2'-dAde and 3'-dAde), the latter is also known as cordycepin, was established. The formation of inclusion complex between protonated acridine orange (AOH+) and cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) resulted in the hypochromic shift of fluorescent emission from 530 nm to 512 nm. Addition of cordycepin to the highly fluorescent AOH+/CB7 complex resulted in a unique tripartite AOH+/CB7/dAde complex with diminished fluorescence, and such reduction in emission intensity serves as the basis for our novel sensing system. The detection limits were 11 and 82 μM for 2'- and 3'-deoxyadenosine, respectively. The proposed method also demonstrated high selectivity toward 2'- and 3'-deoxyadenosine, owing to the inability of other deoxynucleosides, nucleosides and nucleotides commonly found in Cordyceps spp. to displace the AOH+ from the AOH+/CB7 complex, which was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), UV-Visible and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Our method was successfully implemented in the analysis of cordycepin in commercially available Ophiocordyceps and Cordyceps supplements, providing a novel and effective tool for quality assessment of these precious fungi with several health benefits.

fluorescence, detection, fungi, cordycepin, acridine orange, cucurbit uril, indicator displacement assay

NCBI PubMed ID: 32353945
Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092045
Journal NLM ID: 100964009
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: Dewantari AA ; Yongwattana N ; Payongsri P ; Borwornpinyo S ; Seemakhan S ; Ojida A ; Wongkongkatep J
Institutions: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Excellent Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Methods: HPLC, spectrofluorometry, extraction, centrifugation, isothermal titration calorimetry

Nucleosides and related compounds have vital physiological and pharmacological activities. In this study, on-line preconcentration using electrokinetic supercharging (EKS)-sweeping method was proposed to enhance the efficiency of the capillary electrophoresis separation of the nucleosides and related compounds. The separation conditions, including the pH of the borate buffer (terminating electrolyte), the concentration and pH of the phosphate buffer (leading electrolyte), the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the electrokinetic injection (EKI) time, were investigated in detail. The optimum EKS-sweeping conditions were as follows: 40 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 2.0 containing 50 mM SDS as the BGE, 120 mM sodium phosphate buffer at pH 2.0 as the leading electrolyte, 30 mM borate buffer at pH 12.0 as the terminating electrolyte, and EKI of the sample at −10 kV for 30 s. The separation was performed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography at −5 kV. Under these conditions, the sensitivity values of five analytes were enhanced from 26 to 109-fold compared to a standard capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) procedure. The intra- and inter-day repeatability values (as the relative standard deviation) were less than 1.1% and 5.2% for the migration time and lower than 4.4% and 4.8% for the peak areas. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of nucleosides and related compounds in Chinese cordyceps samples.

nucleosides, nucleobases, Chinese cordyceps, electrokinetic supercharging, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, sweeping

Publication DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1725033
Journal NLM ID: 0261510
Publisher: Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis, Inc.
Correspondence: Liu X
Institutions: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Company, Dongguan, China, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Methods: extraction, sonication, centrifugation, capillary electrophoresis, filtration