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Determination of nucleosides is important for the quality control of Cordyceps species due to their physiological and pharmacological actions. Herein, a simple and rapid reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection (RP-HPLC-DAD) method was developed for simultaneous determination of eleven nucleosides, i.e. uracil, cytidine, uridine, inosine, guanosine, adenine, thymine, adenosine, 2’-deoxyuridine, 2’-deoxyadenosine, and 3’-deoxyadenosine. The separation was performed on a Shimadzu VP-ODS column (4.6 × 250 mm i.d. 5 μm) using a gradient elution with a methanol/water mobile phase in 14 min. The calibration curves of 11 analytes showed good linearity with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9997) within the test ranges. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 11 analytes were less than 0.01 μg/mL. The overall relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day were lower than 2.7 and 5.0%, respectively. Under the developed method, it was found adenosine was the most abundant nucleoside, and two unique nucleosides, i.e. 2’-deoxyuridine, and 2’-deoxyadenosine were detected in cultured medicinal macrofungus C. taii. This work demonstrated that the developed method has been successfully applied for the rapid analysis of nucleosides in cultured Cordyceps, and is expected to be used for the quality control of related pharmaceutical products.

Cordyceps, RP-HPLC-DAD, nucleosides, quantitative detection

WWW link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280520171_Simple_and_Rapid_Method_for_Simultaneous_Determination_of_Eleven_Nucleosides_and_Nucleobases_in_Medicinal_Macrofungus_Cordyceps_taii
Publisher: La Plata, Argentina: Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Correspondence: Xiao JH ; Zhong JJ
Institutions: Division of Microbial Resources and Drug Development, Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Science & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Methods: UV, extraction, sonication, centrifugation, HPLC-DAD

A reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the fast simultaneous determination of 13 nucleosides and nucleobases in Cordyceps sinensis (C. sinensis) with 2-chloroadenosine as internal standard was developed and validated. Samples were ultrasonically extracted in an ice bath thrice, and the optimum analyte separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC(TM) HSS C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with gradient elution. All targeted analytes were separated in 5.5 min. Furthermore, all calibration curves showed good linear regression (r > 0.9970) within the test ranges, and the limits of quantitation and detection of the 13 analytes were less than 150 and 75 ng/mL, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of intra- and inter-day precisions were <6.23%. Recoveries of the quantified analytes ranged within 85.3%-117.3%, with RSD < 6.18%. The developed UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine nucleosides and nucleobases in 11 batches of C. sinensis samples from different regions in China. The range for the total content in the analyzed samples was 1329-2057 µg/g

Cordyceps sinensis, nucleosides, UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, nucleobases

NCBI PubMed ID: 26690105
Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219807
Journal NLM ID: 100964009
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: Zong SY ; Han H ; Li N ; Dong TT ; Tsim KW ; Wang B ; Zhang T
Institutions: School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, Experimental Center of Teaching and Learning, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
Methods: extraction, sonication, centrifugation, UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS

Cultivation of the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune, which was isolated from the semi-mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus, afforded one new compound 1-O-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoyl)-glycerol (1) along with thirteen known products, including 1-O-acetylglycerol (2), N-acetyltryptophan (3), 3-indolylacetic acid methyl ester (4), 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethanone (5), 2-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)acetic acid (6), (4R,5S)-5-hydroxyhexan-4-olide (7), thymidine (8), uracil (9), thymine (10), ergosterol (11), β-sitosterol (12), β-daucosterol (13), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3β,5α,6β-triol (14). The structures of these compounds were established by detailed NMR spectroscopic analysis, as well as by comparison with literature data or with authentic samples

ergosterol, Hibiscus tiliaceus, endophytic fungus, nucleosides, Penicillium commune G2M

NCBI PubMed ID: 20657476
Publication DOI: 10.3390/molecules15053270
Journal NLM ID: 100964009
Publisher: Basel, Switzerland: MDPI
Correspondence: Yan HJ ; Gao SS ; Li CS ; Li XM ; Wang BG
Institutions: Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, IR, DNA sequencing, DNA techniques, ESI-MS, UV, extraction, optical rotation measurement, column chromatography, cell growth, HR-ESI-MS, evaporation, DEPT, BLASTp

Cordyceps cicadae (Mig.) Massee is one of the oldest and well-known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its uses recorded as far back as the 5th century A.D. For centuries, C. cicadae has been used as food, tonic and folk medicine to treat malaria, palpitations, cancer, fever, diabetes, eye diseases, dizziness, and chronic kidney diseases. Although C. cicadae has been used as TCM for over 1600 years, it is not the most popular amongst the Cordyceps family. Cordyceps Sinensis (C. sinensis) and Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) are the most studied and widely used, with a number of commercially available products derived from these two Cordyceps species. This review seeks to look at the research that has been conducted on C. cicadae over the past 30 years, reporting on the biological activities, development and utilization. This information was compared to that focused on C. sinensis and C. militaris. A literature search was conducted on different scientific search engines including, but not limited to "Web of Science", "ScienceDirect" and "Google Scholar" to identify published data on C. cicadae, I. cicadae, P. cicadae, C. sinensis and C. militaris. Research conducted on C. cicadae over the past two decades have shown that it poses similar biological properties and chemical composition as C. sinensis and C. militaris. C. cicadae has been reported to grow in many geographic locations, as compared to C. sinensis, and can be artificially cultivated via different methods. There exists sufficient evidence that C. cicadae has medicinal benefits and contain bioactive compounds similar to those found on C. sinensis and C. militaris. However, more research and standardization methods are still needed to directly compare C. cicadae with C. sinensis and C. militaris, in order to ascertain the suitability of C. cicadae as an alternative source of Cordyceps products.

Cordyceps militaris, Cordyceps sinensis, Cordyceps cicadae (Isaria cicadae), entomogenous fungi, utilization

NCBI PubMed ID: 32305637
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112879
Journal NLM ID: 7903310
Publisher: Limerick: Elsevier Sequoia
Correspondence: Nxumalo W ; Sun Y
Institutions: College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, South Africa, Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

A new nucleoside, a new natural product nucleoside, and two new pyrrole alkaloids derivatives with eight known compounds were isolated from the fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated through extensive analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, IR and UV. All the isolated compounds were detected for their bioactivities against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Unfortunately, all the isolates have shown no obvious activity.

Cordyceps militaris, anti-inflammatory activity, nucleoside, pyrrole alkaloid

NCBI PubMed ID: 30580621
Publication DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1531861
Journal NLM ID: 101167924
Publisher: Milton Park, UK : Taylor & Francis Health Sciences
Correspondence: Xu H
Institutions: The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China, Research and Development Department, Shanghai Guobao Enterprise Development Center, Shanghai, China
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, IR, GC-MS, TLC, acid hydrolysis, extraction, optical rotation measurement, acetylation, reduction, column chromatography, HR-ESI-MS, determination of NO production, derivatization, filtration, anti-inflammatory assays