Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: panose
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 8854
  Oguro Y, Nakamura A, Kurahashi A "Effect of temperature on saccharification and oligosaccharide production efficiency in koji amazake" - Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 127(5) (2019) 570-574
  

  Koji amazake, prepared from rice koji, is a traditional Japanese sweet beverage. The main source of sweetness is glucose derived from rice starch following digestion by enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae during saccharification. The temperature of this process was empirically determined as 45°C–60°C, but no studies have systematically investigated the effect of temperature on saccharification efficiency. We addressed this in the present study by evaluating saccharification efficiency at various temperatures. We found that glucose content was the highest at 50°C (100%) and was reduced at temperatures of 40°C (66.4%), 60°C (91.9%), and 70°C (76.6%). We previously reported that 12 types of oligosaccharides are present in koji amazake; the levels of eight of these, namely nigerose, kojibiose, trehalose, isomaltose, gentiobiose, raffinose, panose, and isomaltotriose, were the highest at 50°C–60°C, whereas sophorose production was maximal at 70°C. Based on these findings, we initially performed saccharification at 50°C and then switched the temperature to 70°C. The maximum amount of each saccharide including sophorose that was produced was close to the values obtained at these two temperatures. Thus, oligosaccharide composition of koji amazake is dependent on saccharification temperature. These findings provide useful information for improving the consumer appeal of koji amazake by enhancing oligosaccharide content.

  oligosaccharide, sophorose, koji, amazake, saccharification

  NCBI PubMed ID: 30414826
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.10.007
  Journal NLM ID: 100888800
  Publisher: Osaka, Japan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering
  Correspondence: Oguro Y ; Nakamura A ; Kurahashi A
  Institutions: Hakkaisan Brewery Co., Ltd., Minamiuonuma, Japan
  Methods: HPLC, cell growth, enzymatic assay, spectrophotometry, centrifugation
  
   
  
  Aspergillus oryzae
  CSDB ID 49554 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: oligomer
Trivial name: neokestose
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 8855
  Rodrigo-Frutos D, Piedrabuena D, Sanz-Aparicio J, Fernandez-Lobato M "Yeast cultures expressing the Ffase from Schwanniomyces occidentalis, a simple system to produce the potential prebiotic sugar 6-kestose" - Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 103(1) (2019) 279-289
  

  The β-fructofuranosidase Ffase from the yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis produces potential prebiotic fructooligosaccharides with health-promoting properties, making it of biotechnological interest. Ffase is one of the highest and more selective known producers of 6-kestose by transfructosylation of sucrose. In this work, production of 6-kestose was simplified by directly using cultures of S. occidentalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing both the wild-type enzyme and a mutated Ffase variant including the Ser196Leu substitution (Ffase-Leu196). Best results were obtained using yeast cultures supplemented with sucrose and expressing the Ffase-Leu196, which after only 4 h produced ~ 116 g/L of 6-kestose, twice the amount obtained with the corresponding purified enzyme. 6-Kestose represented ~ 70% of the products synthesized. In addition, a small amount of 1-kestose and the neofructoligosaccharides neokestose and blastose were also produced. The Ser196Leu substitution skewed production of 6-kestose and neofructooligosaccharides resulting in an increase of ~ 2.2- and 1.5-fold, respectively, without affecting production of 1-kestose. Supplementing yeast cultures with glucose clearly showed that blastose originates from direct fructosylation of glucose, a property that has not been described for other similar proteins from yeasts. Modeling neokestose and blastose into the Ffase-active site revealed the molecular basis explaining the peculiar specificity of this enzyme.

  β-fructofuranosidase, 6-kestose, blastose, prebiotic sugars, Schwanniomyces occidentalis, yeast cultures

  NCBI PubMed ID: 30357454
  Publication DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9446-y
  Journal NLM ID: 8406612
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: mfernandez@cbm.csic.es
  Institutions: Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CBMSO, CSIC-UAM), University Autónoma from Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry-Rocasolano (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
  Methods: SDS-PAGE, DNA techniques, CC, cell growth, enzymatic assay, gene expression, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, HPLC-ELSD
  
   
  
  Schwanniomyces occidentalis ATCC26077
  CSDB ID 49558 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 8860
  Zaninette F, Lopes de Melo Rocha GA, Bom Pessoni RA, Braga MR, Simões K, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RdCL, Batista Fialho M "Production of inulin- and neolevan-type fructooligosaccharides by Penicillium janczewskii Zaleski CCIBt 3352" - Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 66(3) (2019) 419-425
  

  Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are fructose-based oligosaccharides employed as additives to improve the nutritional and technological properties of foods. The rhizosphere of inulin-accumulating plants from the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) harbor fungi capable of synthesizing FOS from sucrose through the transfructosylating activity of β-fructosyltransferases and/or β-fructofuranosidases. Here, we investigated the ability of Penicillium janczewskii Zaleski CCIBt 3352, a fungus isolated from the rhizosphere of Chrysolaena obovata (Asteraceae), to produce FOS in a medium supplemented with sucrose concentrations of 30, 100, or 150 g/L . Hydrolytic activity on sucrose was observed in culture filtrates; however, at 150 g/L sucrose, the accumulation of 8 g/L 1-kestose (inulin-type FOS) and 7.3 g/L neokestose (neolevan-type FOS) was observed, the latter being a type of FOS not commonly produced by filamentous fungi. In addition, minor amounts of four unidentified oligosaccharides, with a high degree of polymerization, were detected. The production of FOS was also observed in enzymatic assays, indicating the presence of extracellular enzymes with transfructosylating activity in the culture filtrates. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of isolating promising microorganisms, for the production of FOS-synthesizing enzymes, from the rhizosphere of fructan-producing plants of the Brazilian Cerrado.

  inulin, prebiotic, invertase, transfructosylation, fructans, soluble fiber

  NCBI PubMed ID: 30758071
  Publication DOI: 10.1002/bab.1738
  Journal NLM ID: 8609465
  Correspondence: fialhomb@hotmail.com
  Institutions: Núcleo de Pesquisa em Fisiologia e Bioquímica, Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil, Faculdade da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil, Laboratório de Biologia, Prograd, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
  Methods: ion-exchange chromatography, HPAEC-PAD, SEC, cell growth, enzymatic assay
  
   
  
  Penicillium janczewskii CCIBt 3352
  CSDB ID 49570 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10092
  Nagamatsu Y, Yahata M, Fukada T, Hatanaka C "Identification of 1-kestose- and neokestose-based oligofructans in Lycoris radiata herb tissues" - Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 54 (1990) 1291-1292
  
  Journal NLM ID: 0370452
  Publisher: Tokyo: Agricultural Chemical Society Of Japan
  
   
  
  Lycoris radiata
  CSDB ID 101348 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10173
  Shiomi N, Onodera S, Chatterton NJ, Harrison PA "Separation of fructooligosaccharide isomers by anion-exchange chromatography" - Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 55 (1991) 1427-1428
  
  Journal NLM ID: 0370452
  WWW link: http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110006325564
  Publisher: Tokyo: Agricultural Chemical Society Of Japan
  Institutions: Department of Food Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan, U.S.D.A. Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research, Utah State University, USA
  Methods: HPLC
  
   
  
  Allium cepa, Asparagus officinalis
  CSDB ID 101441 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10185
  Chatterton NJ, Harrison PA, Thornley WR, Draper EA "Oligosaccharides in foliage of Agropyron, Bromus, Dactylis, Festuca, Lolium and Phleum" - New Phytologist 114 (1990) 167-171
  

  Temperatures are frequently too cool on rangelands of the western United States for plant growth to occur during much of the time when soil moisture is most readily available. Altering plant metabolism to facilitate growth under cool temperatures holds considerable potential for improving forage production on these ranges. Sucrosyloligosaccharides in representative grasses were characterized. Sucrosyloligosaccharides facilitate the partitioning of carbohydrates outside the chloroplasts during growth at cool temperatures. Eight grasses (Bromus inermis Leys., B. tectorum L., Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Phleum pratense L., and two accessions of ‘Hycrest’ a cross between Agropyron desertorum (Fischer ex. Link) Schultes and A. cristatum L. Gaertner were grown in controlled environments at 10/5 ± 1 °C day/night temperatures. Oligosaccharides extracted from lyophilized leaves were separated using anion exchange chromatography. The relative amounts and kinds of trisaccharides varied among species. All grass contained both raffinose and 1-ketose. Neoketose was the dominant trisaccharide in Lolium and Festuca but was absent from both Agropyron hybrids. 6-Kestose was present in all species except L. perenne. Extracts of L. perenne and F. arundinacea contained a trisaccharide containing glucose, fructose and galactose (1:1:1), tentatively given the trivial name ‘loliose’. The oligosaccharide pattern in L. perenne, both Bromus species, D. glomerata and P. pratense suggest the presence of simple polymeric fructan series. However, the series are different from the inulin series in Jerusalem artichoke tubers. In contrast, chromatograms of leaf extracts of F. arundinacea and both Agropyron accessions have complicated profiles which may reflect the presence of both linear and branched polymers in those species. The oligosaccharide profiles determined by anion exchange chromatography may have useful chemotaxonomic applications.

  fructan, degree of polymerization, grasses, foliage, anion exchange chromatography

  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00387.x
  Journal NLM ID: 9882884
  Publisher: Blackwell Publishing
  Institutions: USDA-Agricultural Research Service and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Logan, Utah, USA
  Methods: anion exchange chromatography
  
   
  
  Bromus inermis, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense
  CSDB ID 144671 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10198
  De Bruyn A, van Loo J "The identification by proton and carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy of sucrose, 1-kestose, and neokestose in mixtures present in plant extracts" - Carbohydrate Research 211 (1991) 131-136
  
  NCBI PubMed ID: 1663421
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Laboratorium voor Organische Scheikunde, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR
  
   
  
  Allium, Allium cepa
  CSDB ID 116147 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10267
  Shiomi N "Properties of fructosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of fructan in liliaceous plants" - Journal of Plant Physiology 134 (1989) 151-155
  

  We isolated nine fructo-oligosaccharides from asparagus roots and onion bulbs, and identified them aauthorF(1-ß-D-fructofüranosyl)nsucrose n = 1, 2 and 3, 6G(1-ß-D-fructofüranosyl)nsucrose n = 1, 2 and 3 and lF(1-β-d-fructofüranosyl)m-6G(1-ß-D-fructofüranosyl)nSucrose m = 1, n = 1; m = 2, n = 1; and m = 1,n = 2. The nine fructo-oligosaccharides were synthesized in vitro from sucrose by enzyme preparations ofasparagus roots and onion bulbs. Three different types of fructosyltransferases are suggested to be involved in the synthesis of the saccharides. The fructosyltransferases were highly purified and their substrate specificities were investigated indetail. They were confirmed to be sucrose : sucrose 1F-ß-D-fructosyltransferase (SST, EC 2.4.1.99), 1F(1-ß-D-fructosyl)nsucrose : 1F(1-β-d-fructosyl)msucrose 6G-ß-D-fructosyltransferase (6G-FT) and 1F(1-ß-D-fructosyl)nsucrose: 1F(1-ß-D-fructosyl)msucrose 1F-ß-D-fructosyltransferase (1F-FT). From the properties and substrate specificities of SST, 6G-FT and 1F-FT, a scheme for the biosyntheticpathways of fructans in asparagus and onion plants was proposed.

  fructosyltransferase, fructo-oligosaccharide, Asparagus officinalis L., Allium cepa L

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/S0176-1617(89)80048-3
  Journal NLM ID: 9882059
  Publisher: Urban & Fischer
  Institutions: Department of Food Science, Faculty of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
  
   
  
  Allium cepa, Asparagus officinalis
  CSDB ID 141800 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10299
  Forsythe KL, Feather MS, Gracz H, Wong TC "Detection of kestoses and kestose-related oligosaccharides in extracts of Festuca arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata L., and Asparagus officinalis L. root cultures and invertase by carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy" - Plant Physiology 92 (1990) 1014-1020
  

  A previous study (KL Forsythe, MS Feather [1989] Carbohydr Res 185: 315-319) showed that (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy can be used to detect and identify mixtures of 1-kestose and neokestose after conversion to the acetate derivatives. In this study, unequivocal assignments are made for the anomeric carbon and proton signals for the above two trisaccharide acetates as well as for 6-kestose hendecaacetate and for nystose tetradecaacetate (a 1-kestose-derived tetrasaccharide). A number of oligosaccharide fractions were isolated from several plant species, converted to the acetates, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra obtained. Using the above reference data, the following information was obtained. The trisaccharide fraction from Dactylis glomerata L. stem tissue and Asparagus officinalis L. roots contain both 1-kestose and neokestose, and the tetrasaccharide fractions contain three components, one of which is nystose. Penta- and hexasaccharide acetates were also isolated from A. officinalis L. roots and were found to contain, respectively, four and at least five components. All components of both of the above species appear to contain a kestose residue and to be produced by the sequential addition of fructofuranosyl units to these. The trisaccharide fraction from Festuca arundinacea is complex, and contains at least five different components, two of which appear to be 1-kestose and neokestose.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 16667365
  Journal NLM ID: 0401224
  Publisher: American Society of Plant Biologists
  Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, TLC
  
   
  
  Asparagus officinalis, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea
  CSDB ID 147004 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10375
  Praznik W, Spies T "Studies of Fructans, Part III. Fructo-oligosaccharides from Urginea maritima" - Carbohydrate Research 243 (1993) 91-97
  

  Fructo-oligosaccharides from red squill (Urginea maritima) were isolated by precipitation with methanol, GPC on Biogel P2/P4, and reversed-phase HPLC. Structures of the tri- and tetra-saccharides were verified by the reductive cleavage method. A tetrasaccharide that contained both (2→1)- and (2→6)-linked β-D-Fru f residues was isolated. The higher fractions from GPC were analysed by the reductive cleavage method without prior purification by reversed-phase HPLC. The mode of biosynthesis of sinistrin is discussed.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 8324767
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Institut für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, Wien, Austria
  
   
  
  Urginea maritima
  CSDB ID 117205 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10416
  Sims IM, Pollock CJ, Horgan R "Structural analysis of oligomeric fructans from excised leaves of Lolium temulentum" - Phytochemistry 31 (1992) 2989-2992
  

  Individual fructan tri-, tetra- and pentasaccharide isomers in neutral, water-soluble extracts from Lolium temulentum were purified and the linkages present in these isomeric oligosaccharides were analysed by combined GC-mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates. 1-Kestose and neokestose were the most abundant trisaccharides with 6-kestose present in much lower amounts. Analysis of isomers of DP 4 and 5 showed that multiple linkage types were present with structures based on all three trisaccharides. Oligosaccharides based on neokestose but with 2,6 linkages between adjacent fructose residues have not been previously detected in higher plants.

  Oligosaccharides, 1-kestose, fructan, sucrose, neokestose, Gramineae, Lolium temulentum

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0031-9422(92)83432-X
  Journal NLM ID: 0151434
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Environmental Biology Department, AFRC Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research, Welsh Plant Breeding Station, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, U.K., School of Biological Sciences, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K.
  Methods: gel filtration, GC-MS, TLC, RP-HPLC
  
   
  
  Lolium temulentum
  CSDB ID 145753 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10470
  Slaughter LH, Livingston DP (III) "Separation of fructan isomers by high performance anion exchange chromatography" - Carbohydrate Research 253 (1994) 287-291
  

  Agronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; USDA-ARS, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)80074-X
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Methods: HPAEC
  
   
  
  Avena sativa
  CSDB ID 117635 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10597
  Lloyd LL, Knill CJ, Kennedy JF, Wase DAJ "Identification of the fructo-oligosaccharides common to beet medium invert sugar and pyrolysed sucrose" - Carbohydrate Polymers 25 (1994) 85-93
  

  Chembiotech Ltd. Institute of Research and Development, University of Birmingham Research Park, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Carbohydrate and Protein Technology Group, Research Laboratory for the Chemistry of Bioactive Carbohydrates and Proteins, School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0144-8617(94)90143-0
  Journal NLM ID: 8307156
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Methods: gel filtration, HPLC, RP-HPLC, pyrolysis, invertase treatment
  
   
  
  Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris
  CSDB ID 113016 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 10669
  Vieira CCJ, Figueiredo-Ribeiro RCL "Fructose-containing carbohydrates in the tuberous root of Gomphrena macrocephala St.-Hill. (Amaranthaceae) at different phenological phases" - Plant, Cell and Environment 16 (1993) 919-928
  

  Gomphrena macrocephala St.-Hil. (Amaranthaceae) is a perennial herb that grows spontaneously in the cerrado and is characterized by well-defined phenological phases throughout the year. Soluble carbohydrates are the main reserve compounds of the tuberous root and constitute approximately 50% of the dry weight. These sugars were partially characterized as fructans forming a single homologous series, different from inulin, the most common fructan of dicotyledons. The mean molecular weight of polysaccharides was high and reached 37 kDa in the dormant phase. Fructan spherocrystals were detected in the tuberous root after treatment with ethanol, being associated with the parenchyma of secondary xylem. The content, composition and mean molecular weight of fructans were related to phenology. In late dormancy, there was a marked increase in monosaccharides, particularly fructose, and a concomitant decline of polysaccharides, probably as a result of fructan breakdown. During sprouting and in the vegetative phase, the contents of oligosaccharides and low molecular weight polysaccharides increased. A gradual rise in the molecular weight of polysaccharides occurred during the reproductive phase and at early dormancy, concurrently with decreasing levels of oligosaccharides. The capacity of G. macrocephala to accumulate readily accessible sugars, such as fructans, instead of starch, in response to environmental changes, may be of considerable advantage, since the cerrado is often subjected to seasonal drought and burnings.

  fructans, Gomphrena macrocephala St.-Hil., Amaranthaceae, storage carbohydrates, phenology

  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1993.tb00515.x
  Journal NLM ID: 9309004
  Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications
  Institutions: Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, Dr Rita de Cássia L. Figueiredo-Ribeiro, Seção de Fisiologia e Bioquímica de Plantas, Institute de Botânica de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
  Methods: gel filtration, partial acid hydrolysis, TLC, PC
  
   
  
  Allium cepa, Lolium temulentum
  CSDB ID 146867 (all data & tools)