Zymosan (ZM), a naturally occurring insoluble macromolecule obtained from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is used as a functional food (as dietary fiber), phagocytic stimulus, and immune potentiator. The present study aimed to increase its solubility and evaluate its immunological application. ZM was converted into soluble 6-amino-6-deoxy-β-(1-3)-glucan of a molecular weight of 296 kDa by reduction. Detailed structural characterization of aminated ZM was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional NMR analysis (2D, COSY, TOCSY, ROSEY, NOSEY, and HSQC). Aminated ZM was biocompatible with Raw 264.7 macrophage cell lines up to a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Rhodamine tagging revealed that the aminated ZM microparticles were found localized within the nucleus of Raw 264.7 cells. Both native and aminated ZM showed a similar expression pattern of inflammatory genes in Raw 264.7.
amination, zymosan, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, immunological studies
NCBI PubMed ID: 32656418Publication DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01243Journal NLM ID: 101691658Publisher: Washington, DC: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: Doble M
; Doble M
Institutions: Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, IR, biological assays, RT-PCR, MALDI-TOF, reduction, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, dialysis, cell viability assay, gene expression, RNA extraction, precipitation, SEM, derivatization, centrifugation, MTT, AFM
Found