In this work, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium culmorum cell wall by-products were chosen as microbial sources for chitin and chitosan production. Both polysaccharides were characterized by FTIR and 13C-CPMAS NMR, but GPC analysis was only performed for chitosan. SEM-EDX analysis was performed to fungal chitosan loaded with metal ions. Chitosan extracted from both fungus had low to medium molecular weight (Mw) and degree of deacetylations (DD) ranging from 65.7-83.3%. Fungal chitosan samples were intended to be used for bioremediation applications. For this purpose, two independent absorption experiments regarding pesticide Dimethoate (DM) and heavy metal ions (Al(III), As(III), Cd(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Mn(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Fe(II)) in a complex mixture were carried out. An experimental design considering the solution pH, contact time and chitosan physicochemical properties (DD) were performed. The highest percentage of dimethoate pesticide and selected metal ions absorption was obtained with highest DD chitosan, the contact time of 24 h, pH 6 for metals and pH 4 for pesticide, repectively. Molecular dynamics simulation studies allowed to analyze at the molecular level the chitosan-DM interaction. A higher number of h-bonds were identified as the main interactions that stabilize the affinity of the chitosan-DM complexes. Based on our results, we suggest the use of a multipurpose fungal chitosan system for water bioremediation.
Bioremediation, Aspergillus, chitosan, Fusarium, pesticide, heavy metal
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104355Journal NLM ID: 101673966Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: ovaldes@ucm.cl
Institutions: Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Coronel, Chile, Natural Resources Faculty, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile, Miami Dade College, Miami, USA, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile, Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile, Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Huechuraba, Chile, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andres Bello, Talcahuano, Chile, Laboratory of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campus Lillo, University of Aysén, Coyhaique, Chile, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
Methods: IR, biological assays, GPC, molecular modeling, extraction, cell growth, metal adsorption assays, precipitation, SEM, centrifugation, filtration, 13C CPMAS NMR
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