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Structure type: monomer ; 1083 [M-H]-
C₄₆H₃₅O₃₁
Trivial name: putranjivain A
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 10859
  Mekkawy SE, Meselhy MR, Kusumoto IT, Kadota S, Hattori M, Namba T "Inhibitory effects of Egyptian folk medicines on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase" - Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 43(4) (1995) 641-648
  

  Extracts of 41 medicinal plants used in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. The extracts of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, Quercus pedunculata, Rumex cyprius, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida showed significant inhibitory activity with IC_<50>≦50 μg/ml. Through a bioassay guided-fractionation of the methanol extract of the fruit of P. emblica, putranjivain A (1) was isolated as a potent inhibitory substance with IC_<50>=3.9 μM, together with 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (5) and digallic acid (6). The inhibitory mode of action by 1,2 and 6 was non-competitive with respect to the substrate but competitive with respect to a template-primer. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of 1 was established in this paper by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

  Hiv-1, reverse transcriptase inhibition, Egyptian folk medicine, Phyllanthus emblica, tannins, putranjivain A

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7541317
  Publication DOI: 10.1248/cpb.43.641
  Journal NLM ID: 0377775
  Publisher: Pharmaceutical Society Of Japan
  Institutions: Research Institute for Wakan-Yaku (Traditional Sino-Japanese Medicines), Japan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, FAB-MS, TLC, UV, biological assay
  
   
  
  Phyllanthus emblica
  CSDB ID 220583 (all data & tools)

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Structure type: monomer
Aglycon: plant / Streptophyta
Trivial name: putranjivain A
Compound class: tannin
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192

• Article ID: 11907
  Matthée G, Wright AD, Konig GM "HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors of natural origin" - Planta Medica 65(6) (1999) 493-506
  

  Inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) are important drugs for the treatment of acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). One approach to identify novel inhibitors of HIV-1-RT is the screening of natural compounds. Many natural products have been shown to be active as RT inhibitors. These compounds belong to a wide range of different structural classes, e.g., coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, lignans, terpenes, naphtho- and anthraquinones, and polysaccharides. The life forms from which the bioactive compounds were isolated are as equally diverse and comprise terrestrial and marine plants, micro-organisms, and marine animals. From the most extensive screening effort, carried out by the NCl, calanolide A, isolated from the terrestrial plant Calophyllum lanigerum (Guttiferae), has been discovered as the most interesting natural RT inhibitor. The promise of this natural product probably relates to a novel mechanism of action. The current review describes natural products from various sources that are able to inhibit HIV- RT.

  inhibition, natural products, Plants, HIV-1-reverse transcriptase, micro-organisms, marine organisms

  NCBI PubMed ID: 10483367
  Publication DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-14004
  Journal NLM ID: 0066751
  Publisher: George Thieme
  Institutions: Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Technical University of Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Germany
  
   
  
  Phyllanthus emblica
  CSDB ID 63863 (all data & tools)