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1. (Article ID: 3680)
 
Cunneen MM, De Castro C, Kenyon J, Parrilli M, Reeves PR, Molinaro A, Holst O, Skurnik M
The O-specific polysaccharide structure and biosynthetic gene cluster of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:11
Carbohydrate Research 344(12) (2009) 1533-1540
 

In the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotyping scheme, 21 serotypes are present originating from about 30 different O-factors distributed within the species. With regard to the chemical structures of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) and the genetic basis of their biosynthesis, a number, but not all, of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains representing different serotypes have been investigated. In order to present an overall picture of the relationship between genetics and structures, we have been working on the genetics and structures of various Y. pseudotuberculosis O-specific polysaccharides (OPSs). Here, we present a structural and genetic analysis of the Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:11 OPS. Our results showed that this OPS structure has the same backbone as that of Y. pseudotuberculosis O:1b, but with a 6d-l-Altf side-branch instead of Parf. The 3' end of the gene cluster is the same as that for O:1b and has the genes for synthesis of the backbone and for processing the completed repeat unit. The 5' end has genes for synthesis of 6d-l-Altf and its transfer to the repeating unit backbone. The pathway for the synthesis of the 6d-l-Altf appears to be different from that for 6d-l-Altp in Y. enterocolitica O:3. The chemical structure of the O:11 repeating unit is

structure, O-specific polysaccharide, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, O-specific polysaccharides, 6-Deoxy-L-altrofuranose, biosynthetic gene cluster

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2. (Article ID: 3681)
 
D'Errico G, Silipo A, Mangiapia G, Molinaro A, Paduano L, Lanzetta R
Mesoscopic and microstructural characterization of liposomes formed by the lipooligosaccharide from Salmonella minnesota strain 595 (Re mutant)
Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 11(13) (2009) 2314-2322
 

Large unilamellar liposomes formed by the Re LPS (from here below named LOS) from Salmonella enterica serotype minnesota strain 595 (Re mutant) have been prepared by the extrusion techniques. The physico-chemical investigation of these systems has been performed by a combined experimental strategy, which has allowed a characterization at different observation scales, from the morphological to the micro-structural level. Particularly, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements have revealed the formation of liposomes with a narrow dimension distribution; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements have led to an estimation of the thickness of the LOS bilayer, which is consistent with an extended conformation of the acyl chains; electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements have allowed to investigate the bilayer fluidity, as determined by LOS acyl chain conformation and packing; Pulsed-field-gradient stimulated echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSTE-NMR) measurements have shown that water permeability through the LOS bilayer is low. The effect of temperature has been considered. Liposome dimension does not change; however, centered at 30-35 degrees C, a progressive transition of the acyl chain self-organization from a gel to a liquid crystalline phase is detected. Above this temperature, the water permeability through the bilayer increases. The effect of introducing the zwitterionic phospholipid dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) in the liposome formulation have been also analysed. A comparative analysis of the results points out a clear relation between the microstructure of LOS molecules in the bilayer and liposome functional properties.

Lipooligosaccharide, liposomes, Salmonella, phospholipid, Re mutant, drug resistance, lipid bilayers, physicochemical, unilamellar liposomes

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