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1. (Article ID: 39)
 
Cedzynski M, Knirel YA, Rozalski A, Shashkov AS, Vinogradov EV, Kaca W
The structure and serological specificity of Proteus mirabilis O43 O-antigen
European Journal of Biochemistry 232 (1995) 558-562
 

On the basis of sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy, including selective spin-decoupling, one-dimensional NOE, two-dimensional homonuclear and 13C,1H-heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy, the following structure of the acidic O-specific polysaccharide of Proteus mirabilis O43 was established: →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→3)-α-D-GalpA-(1→3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→4)-α - D-Glcp-(1→, where GalA is galacturonic acid and Galp is galactopyranose. No serological cross-reactivity was observed between lipopolysaccharides of P. mirabilis O43 and other studied Proteus strains, except for P. mirabilis O10. The O-specific polysaccharide of P. mirabilis O43 was serologically active in precipitation and inhibition tests but the activity was lost after periodate oxidation. These data suggest that the O43 specificity is determined by a wide epitope with the immunodominant role of 4-substituted D-Glc or/and D-GalA, which are destroyed by periodate oxidation

Lipopolysaccharide, LPS, structure, polysaccharide, O-antigen, O antigen, Proteus, Proteus mirabilis, serological, serology, specificity

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2. (Article ID: 119)
 
Trent MS, Ribeiro AA, Doerrler WT, Lin S, Cotter RJ, Raetz CRH
Accumulation of a polyisoprene-linked amino sugar in polymyxin resistant Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Structural characterization and transfer to lipid A in the periplasm
Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(46) (2001) 43132-43144
 

Polymyxin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium accumulate a novel minor lipid that can donate 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose units (l-Ara4N) to lipid A. We now report the purification of this lipid from a pss(-) pmrA(C) mutant of E. coli and assign its structure as undecaprenyl phosphate-α-L-Ara4N. Approximately 0.2 mg of homogeneous material was isolated from an 8-liter culture by solvent extraction, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, C18 reverse phase resin, and silicic acid. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry in the negative mode yielded a single species [M - H](-) at m/z 977.5, consistent with undecaprenyl phosphate-α-L-Ara4N (M(r) = 978.41). (31)P NMR spectroscopy showed a single phosphorus atom at -0.44 ppm characteristic of a phosphodiester linkage. Selective inverse decoupling difference spectroscopy demonstrated that the undecaprenyl phosphate group is attached to the anomeric carbon of the l-Ara4N unit. One- and two-dimensional (1)H NMR studies confirmed the presence of a polyisoprene chain and a sugar moiety with chemical shifts and coupling constants expected for an equatorially substituted arabinopyranoside. Heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence spectroscopy analysis demonstrated that a nitrogen atom is attached to C-4 of the sugar residue. The purified donor supports in vitro conversion of lipid IV(A) to lipid II(A), which is substituted with a single l-Ara4N moiety. The identification of undecaprenyl phosphate-α-L-Ara4N implies that l-Ara4N transfer to lipid A occurs in the periplasm of polymyxin-resistant strains, and establishes a new enzymatic pathway by which Gram-negative bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance.

Escherichia coli, lipid A, polymyxin-resistant mutants, Salmonella typhimurium

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3. (Article ID: 7322)
 
Shiono Y, Kikuchi M, Koseki T, Murayama T, Kwon E, Aburai N, Kimura K
Isopimarane diterpene glycosides, isolated from endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium sp. MY-42
Phytochemistry 72(11-12) (2011) 1400-1405
 

Six isopimarane diterpenes, compounds 1-6, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Paraconiothyrium sp. MY-42. Compound 1 possesses a 19-glucopyranosyloxy group. Its structure was first elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and finally confirmed by X-ray crystallography, whereas structures 2-6 were mainly elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxicities against the human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 (IC50 6.7 μM value for 2 and 9.8 μM for 3).

cytotoxicity, endophytic fungus, Isopimarane diterpenes, Paraconiothyrium sp.

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4. (Article ID: 8154)
 
Herath W, Khan SI, Khan IA
Microbial metabolism. Part 14. Isolation and bioactivity evaluation of microbial metabolites of resveratrol
Natural Product Research 27(16) (2013) 1437-1444
 

The fungi, Beauveria bassiana (ATCC 13144) and Penicillium chrysogenium (ATCC 9480) transformed resveratrol to resveratrol-3-O-sulphate. The former, in addition, gave 5-methoxyresveratrol-3-O-β-glucoside with the latter yielding 5-methoxyresveratrol-3-O-sulphate. The structures were established by spectroscopic methods. Evaluation of biological activity of metabolites through a series of mammalian cell based assays indicated that resveratrol tends to lose its anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-oxidant activities with the substitution of its hydroxyl groups.

resveratrol, microbial metabolism, Beauveria bassiana, Penicillium chrysogenium

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