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1. (Article ID: 3975)
 
Marr N, Novikov A, Hajjar AM, Caroff M, Fernandez RC
Variability in the lipooligosaccharide structure and endotoxicity among Bordetella pertussis strains
Journal of Infectious Diseases 202(12) (2010) 1897-1906
 

Bordetella endotoxins show remarkable structural variability both among each other and in comparison to other gram-negative bacteria. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to the common Bordetella pertussis laboratory strain and Tohama I derivative BP338, lipooligosaccharide from mouse challenge strain 18-323 is a poor inducer of inflammatory cytokines in human and murine macrophages, is greatly impaired in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB in transfected HEK-293 cells, and functions as a Toll-like receptor 4 antagonist. Comparison of lipid A and lipooligosaccharide structures of B. pertussis strains BP338 and 18-323 revealed that 18-323 (1) lacks the ability to modify its lipid A phosphate groups with glucosamine, (2) is distinct in its acylation at the C3' position of the lipid A diglucosamine backbone, and (3) expresses molecular lipooligosaccharide species that lack a terminal heptose. Our findings have important implications for interpreting previous studies of host defenses to B. pertussis infection in mice and in vitro.

lipopolysaccharides, Lipooligosaccharide, lipid A, Bordetella pertussis, gram negative bacteria, cytokines, macrophage, NF-kappa B, endotoxicity

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2. (Article ID: 5033)
 
Breton A, Novikov A, Martin R, Tissieres P, Caroff M
Structural and biological characteristics of different forms of V. filiformis lipid A: use of MS to highlight structural discrepancies
Journal of Lipid Research 58(3) (2017) 543-552
 

Vitreoscilla filiformis is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from spa waters and described for its beneficial effects on the skin. We characterized the detailed structure of its lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A moiety, an active component of the bacterium that contributes to the observed skin activation properties. Two different batches differing in postculture cell recovery were tested. Chemical analyses and mass spectra, obtained before and after mild-alkali treatments, revealed that these lipids A share the common bisphosphorylated β-(1→6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide with hydroxydecanoic acid in an amide linkage. Short-chain FAs, hydroxydecanoic and dodecanoic acid, were found in a 2:1 ratio. The two lipid A structures differed by the relative amount of the hexa-acyl molecular species and phosphoethanolamine substitution of the phosphate groups. The two V. filiformis LPS batches induced variable interleukin-6 and TNF-α secretion by stimulated myelomonocytic THP-1 cells, without any difference in reactive oxygen species production or activation of caspase 3/7. Other different well-known highly purified LPS samples were characterized structurally and used as standards. The structural data obtained in this work explain the low inflammatory response observed for V. filiformis LPS and the previously demonstrated beneficial effects on the skin.

Lipopolysaccharide, mass spectrometry, cytokines, Toll-like receptor, V. filiformis, lipid biochemistry, skin

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