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Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body

NCBI PubMed ID: 38220343
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121709
Journal NLM ID: 8307156
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Zhou Y <zhouying21

mails.jlu.edu.cn>; Li L <lilanzhou

jlau.edu.cn>; Sun Z <sunzhen23

mails.jlau.edu.cn>; Liu R <liur21

mails.jlu.edu.cn>; Zhu Y <zhuyf21

mails.jlu.edu.cn>; Li Y <liyutong

jlu.edu.cn>; Hu M <humin

jlu.edu.cn>; Wang D <jluwangdi

jlu.edu.cn>
Institutions: Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China, Western Dental, Fresno, USA

Chroogomphus rutilus (CR) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties. However, studies are yet to evaluate the anti-osteoporotic activity of the fungi and its polysaccharides. Therefore, this study is aimed at characterizing and evaluating the anti-osteoporotic effects of a novel polysaccharide from CR. The neutral polysaccharide CRP2 extracted and purified from the fruiting body of CR had a molecular weight of 20.41 kDa. Monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that CRP2 is composed of galactose, glucose, fucose, and mannose. The backbone of CRP2 primarily consisted of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→residues, with specific site substitutions speculated at partial positions, such as O-CH3 substitution at H-3 position, or a branch site located at C-2, including α-L-Fucp-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→and α-D-Manp-(1→. CRP2 treatment increased trabecular bone density, restored a network-shaped structure, and upregulated the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in the femoral tissue of mice with osteoporosis (OP). Additionally, CRP2 treatment suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the femoral tissue of mice with OP. Mechanistically, CRP2 exerted anti-OP effect by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenesis through the transforming growth factor β-1/Smad pathway. Conclusively, these findings augment our understanding of the potential role of CRP2 in OP treatment

Structural characterization, Chroogomphus rutilus polysaccharide, osteogenic differentiation, osteoporosis, TGFβ-1/Smad signaling

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 20410
Location inside paper: Fig. 4, Table 2
Compound class: polysaccharide, galactan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130701,IEDB_134624,IEDB_136045,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_142489,IEDB_144562,IEDB_144983,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_152214,IEDB_174333,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_163,SB_192,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_86

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, GC-MS, X-ray, acid hydrolysis, Western blotting, biological assays, HPLC, UV, extraction, acetylation, methylation analysis, reduction, LC-MS/MS, dialysis, cell viability assay, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, derivatization, Sevag method, immunofluorescence, histology, staining, column chromatography, GPC-MALLS, micro-CT
Biological activity: compound treatment increased trabecular bone density, restored a network-shaped structure, and upregulated the expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteocalcin, and osteopontin in the femoral tissue of mice with osteoporosis (OP). Additionally, compound treatment suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the femoral tissue of mice with OP. Mechanistically, compound exerted anti-OP effect by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenesis through the transforming growth factor β-1/Smad pathway

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 85976
Show glycosyltransferases

NMR conditions: in D2O [as TSV]

13C NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
6,6,6	aDGalp	96.81	76.76	67.31	68.44	67.72	65.41
6,6	aDGalp	96.81	67.21	68.94	68.44	67.72	65.41
6,6,6,2	aDManp	101.34	68.94	76.48	65.69	72.29	59.97
6,6,6,2,6	aLFucp	96.89	67.21	68.74	68.23	66.12	14.68
6,6,6,2	bDGlcp	101.91	72.07	74.51	73.73	73.80	65.69
6	aDGalp	96.81	67.21	68.94	68.44	67.72	65.41
3	Me	55.19
	aDGalp	100.41	67.31	77.56	66.44	67.72	65.41


1H NMR data:
Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
6,6,6	aDGalp	4.98	3.76	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60-3.82
6,6	aDGalp	4.92	3.77	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60-3.82
6,6,6,2	aDManp	5.03	4.02	3.92	3.60	3.73	3.71-3.82
6,6,6,2,6	aLFucp	4.94	3.77	3.81	3.94	4.08	1.17
6,6,6,2	bDGlcp	4.45	3.24	3.44	3.57	3.61	3.64-3.83
6	aDGalp	4.92	3.77	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60-3.82
3	Me	3.38
	aDGalp	5.00	3.75	3.51	3.83	4.14	3.60-3.82


1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage	Residue	C1/H1	C2/H2	C3/H3	C4/H4	C5/H5	C6/H6
6,6,6	aDGalp	96.81/4.98	76.76/3.76	67.31/4.00	68.44/3.81	67.72/4.14	65.41/3.60-3.82
6,6	aDGalp	96.81/4.92	67.21/3.77	68.94/4.00	68.44/3.81	67.72/4.14	65.41/3.60-3.82
6,6,6,2	aDManp	101.34/5.03	68.94/4.02	76.48/3.92	65.69/3.60	72.29/3.73	59.97/3.71-3.82
6,6,6,2,6	aLFucp	96.89/4.94	67.21/3.77	68.74/3.81	68.23/3.94	66.12/4.08	14.68/1.17
6,6,6,2	bDGlcp	101.91/4.45	72.07/3.24	74.51/3.44	73.73/3.57	73.80/3.61	65.69/3.64-3.83
6	aDGalp	96.81/4.92	67.21/3.77	68.94/4.00	68.44/3.81	67.72/4.14	65.41/3.60-3.82
3	Me	55.19/3.38
	aDGalp	100.41/5.00	67.31/3.75	77.56/3.51	66.44/3.83	67.72/4.14	65.41/3.60-3.82

¹H NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5	H6
6,6,6	aDGalp	4.98	3.76	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60 3.82
6,6	aDGalp	4.92	3.77	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60 3.82
6,6,6,2	aDManp	5.03	4.02	3.92	3.60	3.73	3.71 3.82
6,6,6,2,6	aLFucp	4.94	3.77	3.81	3.94	4.08	1.17
6,6,6,2	bDGlcp	4.45	3.24	3.44	3.57	3.61	3.64 3.83
6	aDGalp	4.92	3.77	4.00	3.81	4.14	3.60 3.82
3	Me	3.38
	aDGalp	5.00	3.75	3.51	3.83	4.14	3.60 3.82

¹³C NMR data:

Linkage	Residue	C1	C2	C3	C4	C5	C6
6,6,6	aDGalp	96.81	76.76	67.31	68.44	67.72	65.41
6,6	aDGalp	96.81	67.21	68.94	68.44	67.72	65.41
6,6,6,2	aDManp	101.34	68.94	76.48	65.69	72.29	59.97
6,6,6,2,6	aLFucp	96.89	67.21	68.74	68.23	66.12	14.68
6,6,6,2	bDGlcp	101.91	72.07	74.51	73.73	73.80	65.69
6	aDGalp	96.81	67.21	68.94	68.44	67.72	65.41
3	Me	55.19
	aDGalp	100.41	67.31	77.56	66.44	67.72	65.41

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

*OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](OC[C@H]3O[C@H](OC[C@H]4O[C@H](OC[C@H]5O[C@H](OC[C@H]6O[C@H](OC[C@H]7O[C@H](OC[C@H]8O[C@H](*)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]8O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]6O)[C@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]6O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize