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1. (Article ID: 4189)
 
Stokkermans TJW, Peters NK
Bradyrhizobium elkanii lipo-oligosaccharide signals induce complete nodule structures on Glycine soja Siebold et Zucc.
Planta 193 (1994) 413-420
 

The (Brady)rhizobium nodulation gene products synthesize lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) signal molecules that induce nodule primordia on legume roots. Previously, nodule primordia had been induced by LOS on several legumes, but the induction of a complete nodule structure by LOS had only been shown on alfalfa. Since alfalfa can spontaneously form nodules at a low frequency, it has been unclear whether LOS molecules are sufficient to induce morphologically complete nodules on plants that do not spontaneously form nodules. In this study, we isolated LOS from Bradyrhizobium elkanii previously Bradyrhizobium japonicum group II; (Kuykendall et al. 1992, Can. J. Microbiol. 38, 501-505) strain USDA61 and determined their biological activity on Glycine soja. When spot-inoculated onto G. soja roots, these LOS induced a morphologically complete nodule structure showing many features similar to root nodules induced by rhizobia. These features include a broad mitotically active nodule primordium in the root outer cortex and a vascular bundle that emanates from the pericycle and bifurcates to surround the mitotically active cells. From this work it can be concluded that LOS are sufficient to induce a structurally complete nodule on plants that form determinate nodules.

lipo-oligosaccharide, nodule development, Nod factor, Bradyrhizobium (nodule development), Glycine (root nodule)

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2. (Article ID: 4190)
 
Barrow KD, Collins JG, Rogers PL, Smith GM
The structure of a novel polysaccharide isolated from Zymomonas mobilis determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
European Journal of Biochemistry 145 (1984) 173-179
 

A novel polysaccharide has been observed in vivo by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the gram-negative bacterium, Zymomonas mobilis. The polysaccharide, which was not removed from the Z. mobilis cell by washing with 0.86% saline, was extracted by mild acid treatment. The structure was elucidated by a combination of NMR techniques, including proton and proton-carbon two-dimensional methods. The structure was determined to be -α-fructofuranosyl-(2-1)-β-fructofuranosyl-(2-6)-. The polysaccharide is unlike levan, a β-(2-6)-fructose polymer which is produced by many bacteria, including Z.mobilis, when grown on sucrose. The polysaccharide isolated here is produced by cells cultured on glucose, fructose or sucrose.

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