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Structure type: suggested polymer biological repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823

• Article ID: 1568
  Tao J, Wang L, Liu D, Li Y, Bastin DA, Feng L "Molecular analysis of Shigella boydii O1 O-antigen gene cluster and its PCR typing" - Canadian Journal of Microbiology 51(5) (2005) 387-392
  

  Shigella is an important human pathogen and is closely related to Escherichia coli. O-antigen is the most variable part of the lipopolysaccharide on the cell surface of Gram-negative bacteria and plays an important role in pathogenicity. The O-antigen gene cluster of S. boydii O1 was sequenced. The putative genes encoding enzymes for rhamnose synthesis, transferases, O-unit flippase, and O-unit polymerase were identified on the basis of homology. The O-antigen gene clusters of S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149, which share the same O-antigen form, were found to have the same genes and organization by adjacent gene PCR assay. Two genes specific for S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 were identified by PCR screening against E. coli- and Shigella-type strains of the 186 known O-antigen forms and 39 E. coli clinical isolates. A PCR sensitivity of 103 to 104 CFU/mL overnight culture of S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 was obtained. S. boydii O1 and E. coli O149 were differentiated by PCR using lacZ- and cadA-based primers

  gene, PCR, O-antigen, analysis, O antigen, molecular, cluster, gene cluster, Shigella, Shigella boydii

  NCBI PubMed ID: 16088333
  Journal NLM ID: 0372707
  Publisher: National Research Council of Canada
  Institutions: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23# HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin State Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, and Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Nankai University, 23# HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, and Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Nankai University, 23# HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China, Tianjin State Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P.R. China, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, and Tianjin State Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, 23# HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, P.R. China
  Methods: genetic methods
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149
  CSDB ID 10164 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 1777
  Knirel YA, Kochetkov NK "The structure of lipopolysaccharides of gram-negative bacteria. III. The structure of O-antigens: A review" - Biochemistry (Moscow) 59(12) (1994) 1325-1383
  

  This review summarizes data on the composition and structure of the O-antigens, the polysaccharide chains of the outer-membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria defining the immunospecificity of these microbial cells. Special reference is given to some structural features of the O-antigens, such as the presence of unique monosaccharides and noncarbohydrate components, masked regularity, and the occurrence in one microorganism of LPS with structurally different polysaccharide chains. Antigenic relationships between microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are discussed.

  structure, O-antigen, chemical composition, bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Salmonella livingstone C1

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7533007
  Journal NLM ID: 0376536
  Publisher: Nauka/Interperiodica
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149
  CSDB ID 108676 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 2954
  Adeyeye A, Jansson PE, Lindberg B, Abaas S, Svenson SB "Structural studies of the Escherichia coli O-149 O-antigen polysaccharide" - Carbohydrate Research 176(2) (1988) 231-236
  

  The structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide from Escherichia coli O-149 has been investigated; methylation analysis, partial hydrolysis with acid, and n.m.r. spectroscopy were the principal methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of trisaccharide repeating-units having the following structure. [formukla; see text] The absolute configuration at the acetalic carbon atom of the pyruvic acid residue is S.

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(88)80134-4
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden, National Bacteriological Laboratory, S-105 21 Stockholm, Sweden
  Methods: gel filtration, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, partial acid hydrolysis, sugar analysis, GLC, depyruvylation, reversed-phase chromatography
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149
  CSDB ID 115289 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3196
  Stenutz R, Weintraub A, Widmalm G "The structures of Escherichia coli O-polysaccharide antigens" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 30(3) (2006) 382-403
  

  Escherichia coli is usually a non-pathogenic member of the human colonic flora. However, certain strains have acquired virulence factors and may cause a variety of infections in humans and in animals. There are three clinical syndromes caused by E. coli: (i) sepsis/meningitis; (ii) urinary tract infection and (iii) diarrhoea. Furthermore the E. coli causing diarrhoea is divided into different 'pathotypes' depending on the type of disease, i.e. (i) enterotoxigenic; (ii) enteropathogenic; (iii) enteroinvasive; (iv) enterohaemorrhagic; (v) enteroaggregative and (vi) diffusely adherent. The serotyping of E. coli based on the somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular polysaccharide antigens (K) is used in epidemiology. The different antigens may be unique for a particular serogroup or antigenic determinants may be shared, resulting in cross-reactions with other serogroups of E. coli or even with other members of the family Enterobacteriacea. To establish the uniqueness of a particular serogroup or to identify the presence of common epitopes, a database of the structures of O-antigenic polysaccharides has been created. The E. coli database (ECODAB) contains structures, nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts and to some extent cross-reactivity relationships. All fields are searchable. A ranking is produced based on similarity, which facilitates rapid identification of strains that are difficult to serotype (if known) based on classical agglutinating methods. In addition, results pertinent to the biosynthesis of the repeating units of O-antigens are discussed. The ECODAB is accessible to the scientific community at http://www.casper.organ.su.se/ECODAB/

  NMR, structure, serotype, O-antigen, Enterobacteriacea, database

  NCBI PubMed ID: 16594963
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00016.x
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: andrej.weintraub@ki.se
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149
  CSDB ID 20688 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5472
  Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 44(6) (2020) 655-683
  

  Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and four (O14, O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.

  structure, O antigen, Escherichia coli, gene cluster, serogroup, diversity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 31778182
  Publication DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: G. Widmalm ; Lei Wang
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China, School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience (G08), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149, Shigella boydii 1
  CSDB ID 1890 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5808
  Li Y, Huang J, Wang X, Xu C, Han T, Guo X "Genetic Characterization of the O-Antigen and Development of a Molecular Serotyping Scheme for Enterobacter cloacae" - Frontiers in Microbiology 11 (2020) 727
  

  Enterobacter cloacae is a well-characterized opportunistic pathogen that is closely associated with various nosocomial infections. The O-antigen, which is one of the most variable constituents on the cell surface, has been used widely and traditionally for serological classification of many gram-negative bacteria. E. cloacae is divided into 30 serotypes, based on its O-antigen diversity. In this study, by using genomic and comparative-genomic approaches, we analyzed the O-antigen gene clusters of 26 E. cloacae serotypes in depth. We also identified the sero-specific gene for each serotype and developed a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.1 ng for genomic DNA and 10(3) colony forming units for pure cultures. The assay reliability was evaluated by double-blinded testing with 81 clinical strains. Furthermore, we established a valid, genome-based tool for in silico serotyping of E. cloacae. By screening 431 E. cloacae genomes deposited in GenBank, 304 were classified into current antigenic scheme, and 112 were allocated into 55 putative novel serotypes. Our results represent the first genetic basis of the O-antigen diversity and variation of E. cloacae, providing a rationale for studying the O-antigen associated evolution and pathogenesis of this bacterium. In addition, we extended the current serotyping system for E. cloacae, which is important for detection and epidemiological surveillance purposes for this important pathogen.

  serotype, O-antigen, gene cluster, Enterobacter cloacae, multiplex PCR

  NCBI PubMed ID: 32411106
  Publication DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00727
  Journal NLM ID: 101548977
  Publisher: Lausanne: Frontiers Research Foundation
  Correspondence: Tao Han ; Xi Guo
  Institutions: The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China, Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
  Methods: PCR, bioinformatic analysis, serotyping analysis, sequencing
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O149, Shigella boydii 1
  CSDB ID 5130 (all data & tools)