Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting body
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 19243740Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.01.002Journal NLM ID: 1246405Publisher: New York, Academic Press
Correspondence: Kaneno R <rskaneno
yahoo.com.br>
Institutions: UNESP—São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Botucatu, Brazil, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, Department of Pathology—Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil, USP—São Paulo University, Faculty of Odontology of Bauru, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Bauru, Brazil, UFSCar—Federal University of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry—Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, São Carlos, Brazil, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, Mushroom Division, Department of Vegetable Production, Botucatu, Brazil
Subcutaneous Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice were treated with in situ inoculation of a beta-glucan-rich extract of Agaricus brasiliensis (ATF), which reduced tumor growth. Histopathological analysis showed that the tumor masses of control mice (Ehr) presented giant tumor cells and many mitotic figures whereas the tumor tissue obtained from ATF-treated animals (Ehr-ATF) presented a lower frequency of both mitotic and giant cells, associated with a higher frequency of apoptotic cells than Ehr. Analysis of the lymphoproliferative activity of spleen cells showed that the treatment had a suppressive rather than a stimulatory effect. Spleen cells of the Ehr group produced higher in vitro levels of IL-10 than normal controls and this occurrence was partially avoided by treatment with ATF. Analysis of cytokine production by tumor-infiltrating cells (ELISpot) showed that ATF induced a higher number of IFN-gamma-producing cells at 7 and 14days as well as reduction of IL-10-secreting cells at the latter time. Confocal microscopy analysis showed higher intensity of labeling of CD4+ and Mac-3+ cells in ATF-treated mice. Analysis of in situ expression of angiogenic growth factors showed a slight decrease of FGF-2 mRNA in Ehr-ATF animals (7th day) but not of VEGF-A or TGF-beta expression. This fraction could not directly lyse either lymphocytes or tumor cells and we speculate that antitumor effect of ATF could be due to induction of a selective migration of immunocompetent cells from the spleen to the tumor site and to the switch of cytokine production.
mushroom, β-glucan, Agaricus blazei, angiogenesis, IL-10, Ehrlich tumor
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: p. 34, column 1, paragraph 1, Fig. 1(A), ATF
Trivial name: pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-1,6-D-glucan, β(1-6)-D-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, β-(1,6)-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, lasiodiplodan, pustulan, β-1,6-glucan, β-(1,6)-glucan, pustulan, β-(1→6)-glucan PCPS, water-soluble glucan (PS-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glycoprotein, glucan, polysaccharide, cell wall glucoprotein
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135614,IEDB_141806,IEDB_142488,IEDB_146664,IEDB_241101,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, PCR, ELISA, extraction, confocal microscopy, cytokine production, cytotoxicity assay, antitumor activity assay, centrifugation, COSY, Lowry method, lymphocyte proliferation assay, fluorescent labelled antibodies, ANOVA, fluorescent microscopy, gHSQC
Biological activity: inhibits growth of Ehrlich adenocarcinoma; increases intratumoral leukocyte infiltration and tumor necrosis; inhibits pymphoproliferative response of spleen cells; lowers level of IL-10 production; increases the number of IFN-γ cells and decreases the number of IL-10 prudicing infiltrating cells
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 307931Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26777BZ, GlycomeDB:
863, CCSD:
50854, CBank-STR:4234
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in D2O at 298 K
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
bDGlcp 103.4 73.4 75.9 69.8 75.2 69.2
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
bDGlcp 4.49 3.29 3.33-3.49 3.33-3.49 3.60 3.82-4.19
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
bDGlcp 103.4/4.49 73.4/3.29 75.9/3.33-3.49 69.8/3.33-3.49 75.2/3.60 69.2/3.82-4.19
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 4.49 | 3.29 | 3.33
3.49 | 3.33
3.49 | 3.60 | 3.82
4.19 |
|
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| | bDGlcp | 103.4 | 73.4 | 75.9 | 69.8 | 75.2 | 69.2 |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota
(Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: mycelium,
fruiting body
The structure was elucidated in this paperPublication DOI: 10.1155/2017/1249134Journal NLM ID: 101543201Publisher: New York, NY : Hindawi Pub. Corp.
Correspondence: Osińska-Jaroszuk M <moniosi73
gmail.com>
Institutions: Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Department of Industrial Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland, Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Department of Biotechnology and Environment Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Water-insoluble, alkali-soluble polysaccharide (marked as ASP) was extracted from the vegetative mycelium and fruiting body of Cerrena unicolor strain. Monosaccharide examination of ASP demonstrated that the isolated biopolymer was composed mainly of glucose, xylose, and mannose monomers. The methylation investigation of studied polymers indicated that (1→3)-linked α-D-Glcp is the major chain constituent (92.2% for glucans isolated from fruiting body and 90.1% from mycelium). 1H NMR, FT-IR, and immunofluorescent labelling determinations confirmed that the polysaccharides isolated from both fruiting body and mycelium of C. unicolor are (1→3)-α-D-glucans. The obtained (1→3)-α-D-glucans showed differences in viscosity and similar characteristics in optical rotations. (1→3)-α-D-Glucans extracted from mycelium and fruiting body of C. unicolor were also used as potential and specific inducers of mutanase synthesis by Trichoderma harzianum. The highest mutanase activity (0.38 U/mL) was obtained after induction of enzyme by (1→3)-α-D-glucan isolated from the mycelium of C. unicolor, and this biopolymer has been suggested as a new alternative to streptococcal mutan for the mutanase induction in T. harzianum. (1→3)-α-D-Glucan-induced mutanase showed high hydrolysis potential in reaction with dextranase-pretreated mutan, where maximal degree of saccharification and solubilization of this bacterial homoglucan (83.1% and 78.4%, resp.) was reached in 3 h at 45°C.
Structure type: homopolymer
Location inside paper: (1-3)-α-D-Glucan, Fig. 2,3
Trivial name: D-rhamnan, α-1,3-D-glucan, α-1,3-glucan, (1-3)-α-Glucan, 1-3-α-glucan, α-(1,3)-glucan, α-(1,3)glucan, (1-3)-α-glucan, pseudonigeran, α-(1,3)-glucan, pseudonigeran, water-insoluble α-D-glucan (TM-I)
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide, D-glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 1H NMR, GC-MS, reduction with NaBD4, methylation analysis, FT-IR, TFA hydrolysis, fluorescent labelled antibodies
Biological activity: both tested glucans obtained from fruiting bodies and vegetative mycelium of C. unicolor proved to be effective inducers of mutanase synthesis in T. harzianum
Biosynthesis and genetic data: genetic data
Comments, role: NMR temperature was not specified
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 90312Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G02177KX, CCSD:
49417, CBank-STR:17683, GenDB:HM245773
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in D2O / 1M NaOD
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
missing...
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
aDGlcp 5.628 ? ? ? ? ?
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| | aDGlcp | 5.628 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
|
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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