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1. (Article ID: 4629)
 
Valueva OA, Shashkov AS, Zdorovenko EL, Chizhov AO, Kiseleva E, Novik G, Knirel YA
Structures of cell-wall phosphate-containing glycopolymers of Bifidobacterium longum BIM B-476-D
Carbohydrate Research 373 (2013) 22-27
 

Glycopolymers with oligosaccharyl phosphate repeats of two types and ribitol and glycerol teichoic acids were isolated from cell wall of Bifidobacterium longum BIM B-476-D by stepwise extraction with 10% CCl3CO2H. The following structures of the glycopolymers were established by sugar analysis, selective cleavage with aq 2% HOAc, dephosphorylation with 48% HF, 2D NMR spectroscopy, and high-resolution ESI MS: [structure: see text]. The ribitol teichoic acid also contains minor D-alanine, whose position was not determined.

structure, teichoic acid, Bifidobacterium longum, glycopolymers

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2. (Article ID: 5832)
 
Pyclik M, Srutkova D, Schwarzer M, Gorska S
Bifidobacteria cell wall-derived exo-polysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycans, polar lipids and proteins - their chemical structure and biological attributes
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 147 (2020) 333-349
 

A variety of health benefits has been documented to be associated with the consumption of probiotic bacteria, namely bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Thanks to the scientific advances in recent years we are beginning to understand the molecular mechanisms by which bacteria in general and probiotic bacteria in particular act as host physiology and immune system modulators. More recently, the focus has shifted from live bacteria towards bacteria-derived defined molecules, so called postbiotics. These molecules may represent safer alternative compared to the live bacteria while retaining the desired effects on the host. The excellent source of effector macromolecules is the bacterial envelope. It contains compounds that are pivotal in the adhesion phenomenon, provide direct bacteria-to-host signaling capacity and the associated physiological impact and immunomodulatory properties of bacteria. Here we comprehensively review the structure and biological role of Bifidobacterium surface and cell wall molecules: exopolysaccharides, cell wall polysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, polar lipids, peptidoglycans and proteins. We discuss their involvement in direct signaling to the host cells and their described immunomodulatory effects.

exopolysaccharide, Bacterial antigens, Bifidobacterium, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, probiotics

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