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Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)
Organ / tissue: cell wall

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 29550432
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.017
Journal NLM ID: 0217513
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Chi ZM <chi

ouc.edu.cn>
Institutions: College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China, Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China, Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China

BACKGROUND: Pullulan and glycogen have many applications and physiological functions. However, to date, it has been unknown where and how the pullulan is synthesized in the yeast cells and if cell wall structure of the producer can affect pullulan and glycogen biosynthesis. METHODS: The genes related to cell wall integrity were cloned, characterized, deleted and complemented. The cell wall integrity, pullulan biosynthesis, glycogen accumulation and gene expression were examined. RESULTS: In this study, the GT6 and GT7 genes encoding different α(1,2) mannosyltransferases in Aureobasidium melanogenum P16 were cloned and characterized. The proteins deduced from both the GT6 and GT7 genes contained the conserved sequences YNMCHFWSNFEI and YSTCHFWSNFEI of a Ktr mannosyltransferase family. The removal of each gene and both the two genes caused the changes in colony and cell morphology and enhanced glycogen accumulation, leading to a reduced pullulan biosynthesis and the declined expression of many genes related to pullulan biosynthesis. The swollen cells of the disruptants were due to increased accumulation of glycogen, suggesting that uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-glucose) was channeled to glycogen biosynthesis in the disruptants, rather than pullulan biosynthesis. Complementation of the GT6 and GT7 genes in the corresponding disruptants and growth of the disruptants in the presence of 0.6 M KCl made pullulan biosynthesis, glycogen accumulation, colony and cell morphology be restored. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first report that the two α1,2 mannosyltransferases were required for colony and cell morphology, glycogen accumulation and pullulan biosynthesis in the pullulan producing yeast.

α1, A. melanogenum, glycogen accumulation, pullulan biosynthesis, 2 mannosyltransferases

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: Introduction, p.4, paragraph 3
Trivial name: pullulan
Compound class: EPS, O-polysaccharide, cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420419,IEDB_420420,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: TLC, microscopy, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, ion exchange column
Enzymes that release or process the structure: Pgm, Ugp, Ugt1, Pul1
Biosynthesis and genetic data: biochemical data, genetic data
Comments, role: page allocation is given according to text of Accepted article

Related record ID(s): 41589, 48644, 48645, 49953, 49977, 49978, 49979, 49995, 49999, 50000, 50002, 50007, 50014, 50071, 50081, 50082, 50083, 50111, 50113
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5579, 46634
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G71532WE, CCSD:45938, CBank-STR:4859, GenDB:KY767023; GenDB:KY767024
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

*OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](*)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)
Organ / tissue: cell wall

NCBI PubMed ID: 29550432
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.03.017
Journal NLM ID: 0217513
Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Chi ZM <chi

α1, A. melanogenum, glycogen accumulation, pullulan biosynthesis, 2 mannosyltransferases

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Introduction, p.5, paragraph 2
Trivial name: glycogen
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_140629,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_420417,IEDB_420418,IEDB_420419,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: TLC, microscopy, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, ion exchange column
Enzymes that release or process the structure: Glg1, Glg2, Gsy1, Gsy2, Glc2
Biosynthesis and genetic data: biochemical data, genetic data
Comments, role: page allocation is given according to text of Accepted article

Related record ID(s): 48643, 48645
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 46634
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G83973PX
Show glycosyltransferases

There are 2 chemically distinct structures. Please, select:

*O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](*)O[C@@H]1CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Warning = sub-repeat ending at aDGlc?: unknown unit count was assumed to be 3

α1, A. melanogenum, glycogen accumulation, pullulan biosynthesis, 2 mannosyltransferases

Structure type: oligomer
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Location inside paper: p.5, paragraph 2
Trivial name: trehalose, trehalose dihydrate
Compound class: glucan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_742521,IEDB_983931,SB_192

Methods: TLC, microscopy, Congo Red assay, centrifugation, ion exchange column
Biological activity: Removement of GT6 and GT7 genes leads to decreased amount of pullulan in cell wall
Enzymes that release or process the structure: Tps1, Tps2
Biosynthesis and genetic data: biochemical data

Related record ID(s): 48643, 48644, 50340, 50354, 50364, 50595
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 46634
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G92130SN, GlycomeDB:245
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting bodies

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 29168863
Publication DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01389b
Journal NLM ID: 101549033
Publisher: Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry
Correspondence: Huang HH <fehhuang

scut.edu.cn>
Institutions: School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, Guangdong Apollo Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Agrobiological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China

A novel polysaccharide fraction (HEP-S) was extracted and isolated from the fruiting bodies of Hericium erinaceus. Structural characterization revealed that HEP-S had an average molecular weight of 1.83 x 10^4 Da and consisted of rhamnose, fucose, mannose, glucose and galactose at a molar ratio of 1.47 : 0.93 : 1.36 : 8.68 : 4.08. Periodate oxidation-Smith degradation and NMR analysis showed that the main linkage types of HEP-S were composed of (1→)-α-D-Glc, (1→3,4)-α-D-Glc, (1→6)-α-D-Gal, (1→3,4)-β-D-Man, (1→3,6)-α-Rha and (1→2)-β-L-Fuc. The immunomodulatory assay indicated that HEP-S could significantly enhance the pinocytic and phagocytic capacity and promote the secretion of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines by activating the corresponding mRNA and protein expression in RAW 264.7 cells involving a toll-like receptor 2 membrane receptor. Besides, HEP-S was also found to improve the adaptive immune function by enhancing T and B lymphocyte proliferation and increasing the interleukin-2, interleukin-4 and interferon-. secretion in spleen lymphocytes. These results suggested that HEP-S could be used as a potential immunoregulatory agent in functional foods.

Chain conformation, macrophage activation, Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide, in-vitro antioxidant, Orientalis l. franco, lepidium-meyenii, dendrobium-huoshanense, cordyceps-militaris, signaling pathways, antitumor-activity

Structure type: structural motif or average structure ; 18300
Location inside paper: p. 300, column 1, paragraph 2, table 1, HEP-S
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136105,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_1394181,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_142489,IEDB_144562,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_152206,IEDB_152214,IEDB_158539,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_44,SB_7,SB_72,SB_86

Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, extraction, RT-PCR, statistical analysis, CC, dialysis, cytokine production, HPGPC, precipitation, phenol-sulfuric acid assay, HMBC, centrifugation, MTT, phagocytosis assay, HSQC, FT-IR, splenocyte proliferation assay, pinocytosis assay, ion exchange column
Comments, role: a?Rhap is erroneously reported as 3,6-substituted, which is impossible; there is no certainty in article about assignment of linkages; published erroneous NMR spectra were removed by CSDB staff due to multiple errors in the NMR assignment

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 91752
Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G75695OG
Show glycosyltransferases

NMR conditions: in D2O at 298(C) K [as TSV]

1H NMR data:
missing...

¹³C NMR data: present in publication with incorrect assignment

There are 12 chemically distinct structures. Please, select:

*O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O[C@@H]5*)O[C@@H]4CO)O[C@@H]3CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)O[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize