Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota
(Phylum: Ascomycota)
Associated disease: sporotrichosis [ICD11:
1F2J 
, ICD11:
XN6GM ];
infection due to Sporothrix schenckii [ICD11:
XN6GM ]
NCBI PubMed ID: 29538731Publication DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx103Journal NLM ID: 9815835Publisher: Oxford: Oxford University Press
Correspondence: Lopes-Bezerra LM <lmlb23
globo.com>
Institutions: Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México, Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Department of Cell Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China, Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
The description of cryptic species with different pathogenic potentials has changed the perspectives on sporotrichosis. Sporothrix schenckii causes a benign chronic subcutaneous mycosis, Sporothrix brasiliensis is highly virulent, and Sporothrix globosa mainly causes fixed cutaneous lesions. Furthermore, S. brasiliensis is the prevalent species related to cat-transmitted sporotrichosis. Sources of infection, transmission, and distribution patterns also differ between species, and variability differs between species because of different degrees of clonality. The present review article will cover several aspects of the biology of clinically relevant agents of sporotrichosis, including epidemiological aspects of emerging species. Genomic information of Sporothrix spp. is also discussed. The cell wall is an essential structure for cell viability, interaction with the environment, and the host immune cells and contains several macromolecules involved in virulence. Due to its importance, aspects of glycosylation and cell wall polysaccharides are reviewed. Recent genome data and bioinformatics analyses helped to identify specific enzymes of the biosynthetic glycosylation routes, with no homologs in mammalian cells, which can be putative targets for development of antifungal drugs. A diversity of molecular techniques is available for the recognition of the clinically relevant species of Sporothrix. Furthermore, antigens identified as diagnostic markers and putative vaccine candidates are described. Cell-mediated immunity plays a key role in controlling infection, but Sporothrix species differ in their interaction with the host. The adaptive branch of the immune response is essential for appropriate control of infection.
virulence, glycosylation, sporotrichosis, cell wall structure, Sporothrix
Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: p. 133, column 1, paragraph 2
Trivial name: chitin
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide, glucan, cell wall polisaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_153212,IEDB_241099,IEDB_423114,IEDB_423150,SB_74,SB_85
Enzymes that release or process the structure: CHS
Biosynthesis and genetic data: biochemical data, genetic data
Comments, role: review
Related record ID(s): 48634, 48636, 48650, 48651, 48652, 48689, 48691, 48694, 48715, 48752, 48757, 48764, 48769, 48785, 48790, 48791, 48792, 48793, 48795, 48801, 48804, 48828, 48853, 48859, 48872, 48900, 48901, 48902, 48984
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 29908,
545650Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G97099AY
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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