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Taxonomic group: fungi / Basidiomycota (Phylum: Basidiomycota)
Organ / tissue: fruiting bodies

The structure was elucidated in this paper
NCBI PubMed ID: 29155198
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.151
Journal NLM ID: 7909578
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: Zhang AQ <zhanganqiang

zjut.edu.cn>
Institutions: School of life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Anhui, China, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Anhui, China

Polysaccharide TLH-3 extracted from Tricholoma lobayense possessed unique antioxidant and anti-aging activities, whereas its immunomodulatory properties remain unexplored. Herein in order to explore TLH-3 biological activities, the immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages and its molecular mechanisms were investigated. It was showed that TLH-3 could significantly enhance the phagocytic activity, releasing toxic molecules NO (nitricoxide), secretion of the cytokine TNF-?(tumor necrosis factor-?, IL-6 (interleukin-6). Further, TNF-?and IL-6 were blocked by the inhibitor of TLR4 (Toll-like receptor4), suggesting TLR4 was a receptor of TLH-3, and immunomodulatory activity of TLH-3 was mediated by TLR4. Moreover, immunofluorescence indicated that TLH-3 lead to the nuclear translocation of NF-?B (nuclear factor-?B) subunit p65. Western blotting demonstrated that NF-?B levels in nucleuses increased and cytoplasmic I?B-?(inhibitor of NF-?B) degraded after TLH-3 treatment, suggesting that TLH-3 probably stimulated macrophage by activating the IKB-alpha-NF-kappa B pathway via TLR-4. This study demonstrated that TLH-3 could be potentially used as immunomodulatory agent for healthcare and disease control.

immunomodulatory activity, polysaccharide TLH-3, lκ, B-α, NF-κ, B pathway

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: p. 2679, column 2, paragrapn 2, TLH-3, ref. [13]
Compound class: glucomannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140629,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141806,IEDB_141836,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_190606,IEDB_225177,IEDB_420421,IEDB_857742,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_44,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88

Methods: ELISA, statistical analysis, confocal scanning laser microscopy, determination of NO production, cell viability assay, MTT, immunofluorescence, western blot, cell prolifiration assay
Biological activity: induces the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells in dose-dependent manner: 200 μg/ml caused NO production ~6 times higher compared to negative control group; enhances phagocytic activity of macrophages: 200 μg/ml caused increase in activity 20 times higher compared to control group; stimulates the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6: 34 and 4 times higher respectively at 200 μg/ml; activates macrophages; increases the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus
Comments, role: primary structure has not been published in theis paper; it was copied from ID 43226 ref [Chen Y. et al. 2017], a further study based on ref. [13]

Related record ID(s): 43226
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 40144
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

[*]O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)O[C@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]6O[C@H](CO[C@H]7O[C@H](CO[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]8O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[1*])[C@H]8O)[C@H]7O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)[C@@H]6O)[C@H]5O)O[C@H](O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@H]6O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]6O)O[C@H](O[C@H]6[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]7O)O[C@H](O[C@H]7[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](OC[C@H]8O[C@H]([*])[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO[C@@H]%11O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[1*])[C@H]%11O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[1*])[C@H]%10O)[C@H](O)[C@H]9O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H]7O)[C@@H]6O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H]1O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize

R1 = unspecified moiety