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Taxonomic group: fungi / Ascomycota (Phylum: Ascomycota)

NCBI PubMed ID: 33294751
Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2020.100047
Journal NLM ID: 101728565
Publisher: Amsterdam: Elsevier
Correspondence: Lenardon MD <m.lenardon

unsw.edu.au>; Dorfmueller HC <h.c.z.dorfmueller

dundee.ac.uk>; Brown AJP <a.j.p.brown

exeter.ac.uk>; Gow NAR <n.gow

exeter.ac.uk>
Institutions: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

Despite the importance of fungal cell walls as the principle determinant of fungal morphology and the defining element determining fungal interactions with other cells, few scalar models have been developed that reconcile chemical and microscopic attributes of its structure. The cell wall of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans is comprised of an amorphous inner skeletal layer of β(1,3)- and β(1,6)-glucan and chitin and an outer fibrillar layer thought to be dominated by highly mannosylated cell wall proteins. The architecture of these two layers can be resolved at the electron microscopy level, but the visualised structure of the wall has not yet been defined precisely in chemical terms. We have therefore examined the precise structure, location and molecular sizes of the cell wall components using transmission electron microscopy and tomography and tested predictions of the cell wall models using mutants and agents that perturb the normal cell wall structure. We demonstrate that the fibrils are comprised of a frond of N-linked outer chain mannans linked to a basal layer of GPI-proteins concentrated in the mid-wall region and that the non-elastic chitin microfibrils are cantilevered with sufficient lengths of non-fibrillar chitin and/or β-glucan to enable the chitin-glucan cage to flex, e.g. during morphogenesis and osmotic swelling. We present the first three-dimensional nano-scalar model of the C. albicans cell wall which can be used to test hypotheses relating to the structure-function relationships that underpin the pathobiology of this fungal pathogen

β-glucan, chitin, cell wall proteins, fungal cell wall ultrastructure, N-mannan

Structure type: structural motif or average structure
Location inside paper: Fig. 5, B
Aglycon: X-L-Ser/L-Thr-protein
Compound class: polysaccharide, mannan
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_128161,IEDB_130701,IEDB_131173,IEDB_133966,IEDB_133967,IEDB_134618,IEDB_134621,IEDB_136104,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140116,IEDB_141111,IEDB_141793,IEDB_141795,IEDB_141807,IEDB_141828,IEDB_141829,IEDB_141830,IEDB_141831,IEDB_141832,IEDB_141833,IEDB_142357,IEDB_143632,IEDB_144983,IEDB_144994,IEDB_144995,IEDB_151079,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152206,IEDB_153220,IEDB_153756,IEDB_153762,IEDB_153763,IEDB_1539315,IEDB_164174,IEDB_164175,IEDB_164176,IEDB_164479,IEDB_164480,IEDB_173895,IEDB_174840,IEDB_429156,IEDB_474450,IEDB_76920,IEDB_76933,IEDB_857732,IEDB_857734,IEDB_857735,IEDB_858578,IEDB_983930,SB_136,SB_191,SB_196,SB_197,SB_198,SB_44,SB_53,SB_67,SB_72,SB_73,SB_77

Methods: DNA techniques, Western blotting, enzymatic digestion, affinity chromatography, cell growth, dialysis, gene expression, Bradford method, TEM, centrifugation, optical density measurement, staining, electron tomography

NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 5476
Show glycosyltransferases

There is only one chemically distinct structure:

NC(=O)C[C@H](N[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO[C@H]4O[C@H](CO[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]5O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]6O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO[C@H]5O[C@H](CO[C@H]6O[C@H](CO[C@H]7O[C@H](CO[C@H]8O[C@H](CO[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]%10O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)[C@@H]9O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O[C@H]8O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O[C@@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]9O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]9O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O[C@H]7O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O[C@@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]8O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]8O)[C@@H]7O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]6O[C@H]6O[C@H](COP(=O)(O)O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O[C@@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]6O[C@H]6O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]7O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]7O)[C@@H]6O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]4O[C@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]5O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]5O)[C@@H]4O)[C@@H]3O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1N)C(=O)O

SVG MW SMILES 3D mol Ionize