Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS, O-polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136105,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823

• Article ID: 2184
  Ferreira F, Kenne L, Lindberg B, Nimmich W "Structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Azotobacter vinelandii strain 1484" - Carbohydrate Research 210 (1991) 255-261
  

  The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide from Azotobacter vinelandii strain 1484 has been investigated, specific degradations and n.m.r. spectroscopy being the main methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of tetrasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure, [sequence: see text] in which Sug is 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid. The polysaccharide also contains a non-stoichiometric amount of O-acetyl groups, distributed over at least two positions.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1878880
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80127-9
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, de-O-acetylation, computer analysis with CASPER
  
   
  
  Azotobacter vinelandii 1484
  CSDB ID 116130 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3764
  Pieretti G, Nicolaus B, Poli A, Corsaro MM, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M "Structural determination of the O-chain polysaccharide from the haloalkaliphilic Halomonas alkaliantarctica bacterium strain CRSS" - Carbohydrate Research 344(15) (2009) 2051-2055
  

  In hypersaline environments there are plenty of microorganisms belonging to both Bacteria and Archaea domains. These extremophiles have developed biochemical adaptations which comprise the accumulation of molar concentrations of potassium and chloride and the biosynthesis and/or the accumulation of organic osmotic solutes (osmolytes) within the cytoplasm. Moreover, to maintain the turgor of the cells halophiles enhance the production of anionic phospholipids and alter the fatty acid composition of the membrane lipids, but very little is known about adaptational structural changes of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the main constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this work is to investigate the chemical structure of these LPS in order to provide insight into the adaptation mechanism of halophiles to live at high salt concentration. For this, Halomonas alkaliantarctica, a haloalkaliphilic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from salt sediments of a saline lake in Cape Russell in the Antarctic continent, was cultivated and the LPS were extracted and analysed. The structure of the O-chain of the LPS from H. alkaliantarctica was determined by chemical analysis, 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy. The polysaccharide was constituted of a linear trisaccharidic repeating unit as follows: →3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ A comparison among the O-chain structures of H. alkaliantarctica and other Halomonas species is also reported.

  Lipopolysaccharide, NMR spectroscopy, structure elucidation, haloalkaliphilic, Halomonas alkaliantarctica

  NCBI PubMed ID: 19709648
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.06.022
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: corsaro@unina.it
  Institutions: Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis, NMR-1D
  
   
  
  Halomonas alkaliantarctica CRSS
  CSDB ID 23817 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3930
  Pieretti G, Carillo S, Nicolaus B, Poli A, Lanzetta R, Parrilli M, Corsaro MM "Structural characterization of the core region from the lipopolysaccharide of the haloalkaliphilic bacterium Halomonas alkaliantarctica strain CRSS" - Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry 8(23) (2010) 5404-5410
  

  Halophilic and halotolerant Gram-negative bacteria are microorganisms which thrive in high salt environments. LPS are the major components of their outer leaflet, nevertheless very little is known about the role of this molecules in the adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles. Recently we determined the O-chain repeating unit structure of the LPS from Halomonas alkaliantarctica strain CRSS, an haloalkaliphilic Gram-negative bacterium isolated from salt sediments of a saline lake in Cape Russell in Antarctic continent. The polysaccharide is constituted of the trisaccharidic repeating unit: →3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-L-Rhap-(1→. In this paper we report the complete core LPS structure from this bacterium. The LPS was hydrolyzed both under mild acid and strong alkaline conditions. The MALDI spectra showed the presence of two glycoforms. The most abundant was recovered after HPAEC purification of the alkaline hydrolyzed product and was characterized by means of 2D-NMR spectroscopy. A comparison of the MALDI-PSD spectra of the two glycoforms suggested that the branched heptose was not stoichiometrically substituted.

  Lipopolysaccharide, structure, MALDI, 2D NMR spectroscopy, halophilic, Halomonas alkaliantarctica

  NCBI PubMed ID: 20890499
  Publication DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00516a
  Journal NLM ID: 101154995
  Publisher: The Royal Society of Chemistry
  Correspondence: corsaro@unina.it
  Institutions: Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, mild acid hydrolysis, HPAEC, MALDI-TOF MS, alkaline hydrolysis
  
   
  
  Halomonas alkaliantarctica CRSS
  CSDB ID 25396 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4329
  Knirel YA "Structure of O-antigens" - Book: Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: Structure, chemical synthesis, biogenesis and interaction with host cells (2011) Chapter 3, 41-115
  

  The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Its lipid A moiety is embedded in the membrane and serves as an anchor for the rest of the LPS molecule. The outermost repetitive glycan region of the LPS is linked to the lipid A through a core oligosaccharide (OS), and is designated as the O-specific polysaccharide (O-polysaccharide, OPS) or O-antigen. The O-antigen is the most variable portion of the LPS and provides serological specificity, which is used for bacterial serotyping. The OPS also provides protection to the microorganisms from host defenses such as complement mediated killing and phagocytosis, and is involved in interactions of bacteria with plants and bacteriophages. Studies of the OPSs ranging from the elucidation of their chemical structures and conformations to their biological and physico-chemical properties help improving classification schemes of Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, these studies contributed to a better understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of infectious diseases, as well as provided information to develop novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents.

  Lipopolysaccharide, synthesis, lipopolysaccharides, structure, Bacterial, host, O-antigen, O antigen, cell, O antigens, O-antigens, chemical, interaction, cells, PDF, chemical synthesis, biogenesis

  Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1_3
  Publisher: Springer
  Correspondence: knirel@ioc.ac.ru
  Editors: Knirel YA, Valvano MA
  Institutions: Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
  
   
  
  Halomonas alkaliantarctica
  CSDB ID 27829 (all data & tools)

Show legend Show as text

Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Compound class: CPS, EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136105,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823

• Article ID: 2184
  Ferreira F, Kenne L, Lindberg B, Nimmich W "Structural studies of the extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Azotobacter vinelandii strain 1484" - Carbohydrate Research 210 (1991) 255-261
  

  The structure of the extracellular polysaccharide from Azotobacter vinelandii strain 1484 has been investigated, specific degradations and n.m.r. spectroscopy being the main methods used. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of tetrasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure, [sequence: see text] in which Sug is 3-deoxy-D-threo-hexulosonic acid. The polysaccharide also contains a non-stoichiometric amount of O-acetyl groups, distributed over at least two positions.

  NCBI PubMed ID: 1878880
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(91)80127-9
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden, Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden.
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GLC-MS, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, de-O-acetylation, computer analysis with CASPER
  
   
  
  Azotobacter vinelandii 1484
  CSDB ID 116133 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5791
  Knirel YA, Van Calsteren M "Bacterial exopolysaccharides" - Book: Comprehensive Glycoscience: From Chemistry to Systems Biology. Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering (2021) 1-75
  

  Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides are known as a cell-bound capsule, a sheath, or a slime, which is excreted into the environment. They play an important role in virulence of medical bacteria and plant-to-symbiont interaction and are used for serotyping of bacteria and production of vaccines. Some exopolysaccharides have commercial applications in industry, and claims of health benefits have been documented for an increasing number of them. Exopolysaccharides have diverse composition and structure, and some contain sugar and non-sugar components that are found in bacterial carbohydrates only. The present article provides an updated collection of the data on exopolysaccharides of various classes of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria reported until the end of 2019. When known, biosynthesis pathways of exopolysaccharides are treated in a summary manner. References are made to structure and biosynthesis relatedness between exopolysaccharides of different bacterial taxa as well as between bacterial polysaccharides and mammalian glycosaminoglycans.

  polysaccharide structure, Gram-negative bacteria, capsule, Biofilm, polysaccharide biosynthesis, gram-positive bacteria, Monosaccharide composition, Bacterial exopolysaccharide, non-sugar component

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-819475-1.00005-5
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: marie-rose.vancalsteren@canada.ca; yknirel@gmail.com
  Editors: Barchi J, Kamerling H
  Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
  
   
  
  Azotobacter vinelandii 1484
  CSDB ID 6696 (all data & tools)