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1. (Article ID: 5714)
 
Meng Y, Lyu F, Xu X, Zhang L
Recent advances in chain conformation and bioactivities of triple-helix polysaccharides
Biomacromolecules 21(5) (2020) 1653-1677
 

Natural polysaccharides derived from renewable biomass sources are regarded as environmentally friendly and sustainable polymers. As the third most abundant biomacromolecule in nature, after proteins and nucleic acids, polysaccharides are also closely related with many different life activities. In particular, β-glucans are one of the most widely reported bioactive polysaccharides and are usually considered as biological response modifiers. Among them, β-glucans with triple-helix conformation have been the hottest and most well-researched polysaccharides at present, especially lentinan and schizophyllan, which are clinically used as cancer therapies in some Asian countries. Thus, creation of these active triple-helix polysaccharides is beneficial to the research and development of sustainable "green" biopolymers in the fields of food and life sciences. Therefore, full fundamental research of triple-helix polysaccharides is essential to discover more applications for polysaccharides. In this Review, the recent research progress of chain conformations, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships of triple-helix β-glucans is summarized. The main contents include the characterization methods of the macromolecular conformation, proof of triple helices, bioactivities, and structure-function relationships. We believe that the governments, enterprises, universities, and institutes dealing with the survival and health of human beings can expect the development of natural bioproducts in the future. Hence, a deep understanding of β-glucans with triple-helix chain conformation is necessary for application of natural medicines and biologics for a sustainable world.

conformation, β-Glucans, schizophyllan, lentinan, triple-helix

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2. (Article ID: 6562)
 
Kiho T, Ito M, Nagai K, Hara C, Ukai S
Polysaccharides in fungi. XX. Structure and antitumor activity of a branched (1-3)-β-D-glucan from alkaline extract of yu ĕr
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(10) (1987) 4286-4293
 

A water-insoluble glucan (N-5P), [α] 23D +2.3° (c= 0.51, 0.5 M sodium hydroxide), was isolated from the alkaline extract of the fruit bodies of Yu er (Chinese name) (Auricularia species). N-5P was homogeneous as judged by gel filtration and electrophoresis. By gel filtration, the molecular weight of N-5P was estimated to be 5.6 × 105. The 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra, together with the result of chromium trioxide oxidation, indicated that glucosidic linkages in N-5P have the β-D configuration. From the results of methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation (complete, as well as partial), partial acetolysis, and enzymic hydrolysis, it was concluded that N-5P has a main chain composed of β-(1→3)-linked D-glucopyranosyl residues, with single, β-(1→6)-linked D-glucopyranosyl groups attached as side chains, which account for a quarter of the total sugar residues. In addition, the results of enzymic hydrolysis indicated that the β-(1→6)-linked D-glucosyl side chains are mainly localized in the neighborhood of the nonreducing end of the main chain. Furthermore, N-5P showed potent antitumor activity against the solid form of sarcoma 180 in mice, and exhibited significant carbon clearance-enhancing activity in mice.

13C-NMR, methylation analysis, molecular weight, Smith degradation, antitumor activity, branched (1→3)-β-D-glucan, Yu er (Auricularia species), structure of polysaccharide, phagocytic activity, carbon clearance

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