Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Pasteurella multocida [ICD11:
XN30D 
];
infection due to Escherichia coli [ICD11:
XN6P4 ]
Publication DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42215-8_28Publisher: Springer
Editors: J.Oliveira HRRLR
Correspondence: Y.A. Knirel <yknirel
gmail.com>; johanna.kenyon
qut.edu.au
Institutions: N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Centre for Immunolgy and Infection Control University of Minho, (CIIC), School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia URWPalladioL-Rom
The present chapter is devoted to biosynthesis pathways of various bacterial surface polysaccharides, including slime exopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharides, as well as the O-antigen polysaccharide chains of lipopolysaccharides. The polysaccharides are extraordinarily diverse in structure and define the specificity of interaction between bacteria and their environments, including interactions with host organisms, bacteriophages, and natural predators. As such, both homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides produced by bacteria have an important function in bacterial lifestyle, particularly in protection of human pathogens against the immune system response and some antimicrobials. In both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, biosynthesis of most cell-surface heteropolysaccharides is accomplished by the Wzy-dependent pathway, whereas some exopolysaccharides, such as a β-(1-6)-linked polymer of D-GlcpNAc called PNAG, are synthesized by the synthase-dependent pathway. For synthesis of homopolysaccharides and some heteropolysaccharides with a small (di- or tri-saccharide) repeating unit, gram-negative bacteria use the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-dependent pathway. A fourth pathway is utilized for the extracellular synthesis of several glucans and fructus by a single sucrase protein. The specific mechanisms of these pathways, including a brief view on the genetics of the polysaccharide biosynthesis, is provided.
lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, bacteria, exopolysaccharides, gram negative bacteria, biosynthesis pathway
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: p. 473, table 2, heparosan
Trivial name: K5 polysaccharide, K-antigen, N-acetyl heparosan, heparosan (N-acetylheparosan), heparosan, heparosan (glycosaminoglycan GAG), K5 CPS, heparosan (K5-antigen), N-acetylheparosan
Compound class: EPS, K-antigen, CPS, polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_153764,IEDB_423153
Comments, role: review;
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 747,
562Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G26089XS, GlycomeDB:
656
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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