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1. (Article ID: 6559)
 
Iacomini M, Gorin PAJ, Baron M, Tulloch AP, Mazurek M
Novel D-glucans obtained by dimethyl sulfoxide extraction of the lichens Letharia vulpina, Actinogyra muehlenbergii, and an Usnea sp.
Carbohydrate Research 176 (1988) 117-126
 
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2. (Article ID: 8030)
 
Olafsdottir ES, Ingolfsdottir K
Polysaccharides from lichens: structural characteristics and biological activity
Planta Medica 67(3) (2001) 199-208
 

Lichens have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and beneficial claims have to some extent been correlated with their polysaccharide content. Of 13,500 lichen species growing worldwide, less than 100 species have been investigated for polysaccharide content. Lichen polysaccharides are mainly of three different structural types: β-glucans, α-glucans, and galactomannans. In addition, a few complex heteroglycans have recently been described, such as thamnolan, a water-soluble, immunologically active heteroglycan with a novel rhamnopyranosylgalactofuranan type of structure. A number of investigations have been carried out on biological effects of lichen polysaccharides, most notably antitumour, immunomodulating, antiviral, and memory-enhancing effects. The current review summarizes present knowledge on the structural characteristics and biological activity of lichen polysaccrides.

polysaccharides, biological activity, immunological activity, lichens, structural characteristics, antitumour activity

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