Taxonomic group: plant / Streptophyta
(Phylum: Streptophyta)
Organ / tissue: pericarp
NCBI PubMed ID: 11312772Publication DOI: 10.1021/jf000815rJournal NLM ID: 0374755Publisher: American Chemical Society
Correspondence: sarni
ensam.inra.fr
Institutions: Unité de Recherche des Produits de la Vigne, INRA, Montpellier, France, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
Litchi (Litchi chinensis, Sapindaceae) is a nonclimacteric subtropical fruit that, once harvested, loses its red pericarp color because of browning reactions probably involving polyphenols. Low-pressure chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, UV-visible spectral analysis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies have allowed the determination and quantification of the polyphenolic composition of litchi pericarp. Litchi skins contain significant amounts of polyphenolic compounds. The principal characteristic of the litchi skin polyphenolic compounds is their ortho-diphenolic structure, which gives them high oxidability. Four major pigments were formally identified as cyanidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside (rutin), and quercetin glucoside. The tannin content was characterized after the depolymerization thiolysis reaction. Tannins (polymeric proanthocyanidins) are mainly constituted with epicatechin units linked by A- and B-type bonds. The different phenolic compounds of litchi cv. Kwai Mi were quantified by HPLC. Condensed tannins were the most abundant (4 mg/g of fresh skin), followed by epicatechin and procyanidin A2 (1.7 and 0.7 mg/g of fresh pericarp, respectively). The amount of anthocyanins was found to be comparable to that of flavonols, with a value of approximately 0.4 mg/g of fresh pericarp.
Litchi; polyphenols; anthocyanins; flavonols; proanthocyanidins; condensed tannins; characterization; quantification
Structure type: oligomer
C
27H
30O
16Location inside paper: p. 5999, Fig. 2, structure 4
Trivial name: rutin, rutoside, rutin, quercetin rutinoside, rutoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinose, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside
Compound class: saponin glycoside, glycoside, flavonoid glycoside, flavonol glycoside, flavone glycoside
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_136105,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144144,IEDB_146664,IEDB_225177,IEDB_885823,IEDB_983931,SB_192
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, IR, TLC, HPLC, UV, extraction, optical rotation measurement, melting point determination, HR-FAB-MS
Related record ID(s): 67754
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 151069Reference(s) to other database(s): CCSD:
50720, CBank-STR:3399
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
report error