Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
Associated disease: infection due to Salmonella enterica [ICD11:
XN5VC 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 30649292Publication DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz002Journal NLM ID: 8902526Publisher: Oxford University Press
Correspondence: flaviana.dilorenzo
unina.it
Institutions: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy, Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80126, Italy, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a heterogeneous and complex microbial community, which plays a key role in human health. The gut microbiota controls the development of the immune system by setting systemic threshold for immune activation. Glycoconjugates, such as lipopolysaccharides, from gut bacteria have been shown to be able to elicit both systemic proinflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. This phenomenon is particularly intriguing considering that the immune system is charged with the task to distinguish the beneficial microbes from the pathogens, even if the commensal bacteria have molecular patterns resembling those of the pathogenic counterparts. Therefore, the importance of the chemical structure of these macromolecules in fine tuning this delicate equilibrium is beyond question. This review offers an overview of the current understanding of chemical peculiarities of the lipopolysaccharides isolated from the gut microbiota, and their relationships to their biological activity in terms of immune system maturation and development.
innate immunity, Structural characterization, gut immunity, gut microbiota, TLR4/MD-2
Structure type: oligomer
Location inside paper: fig.3, S. typhimurium
Compound class: lipid A
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135394,IEDB_135515,IEDB_141181,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_176772,IEDB_534864
Comments, role: review
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 90371
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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(later renamed to: Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica sv. Typhimurium)