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Structure type: suggested polymer biological repeating unit
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130695,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136906,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137472,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144998,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151528,IEDB_151531,IEDB_190606,IEDB_241118,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_7

• Article ID: 3190
  Perepelov AV, Wang Q, Senchenkova SN, Shevelev SD, Zhao G, Shashkov AS, Feng L, Knirel YA, Wang L "Structure of a teichoic-acid like O-polysaccharide of Escherichia coli O29" - Carbohydrate Research 341(12) (2006) 2176-2180
  

  teichoic acid-like O-polysaccharide was isolated by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O29. The O-polysaccharide and an oligosaccharide obtained by dephosphorylation of the O-polysaccharide were studied by sugar analysis along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched oligosaccharide repeating unit, containing five monosaccharide residues and glycerol 1-phosphate (D-Gro-1-P), was established: [carbohydrate structure: see text].

  NMR, O-antigen, Escherichia coli, O-polysaccharide, bacterial polysaccharide structure, glycerol phosphate

  NCBI PubMed ID: 16784735
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.05.016
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: perepel@ioc.ac.ru
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, 23 HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin, China, ianjin Key Laboratory for Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, 23 HongDa Street, TEDA, Tianjin, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, GLC
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 20208 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3506
  Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Wang Q, Reeves P, Wang L "Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 32(4) (2008) 627-653
  

  This review covers the O antigens of the 46 serotypes of Shigella, but those of most Shigella flexneri are variants of one basic structure, leaving 34 Shigella distinct O antigens to review, together with their gene clusters. Several of the structures and gene clusters are reported for the first time and this is the first such group for which structures and DNA sequences have been determined for all O antigens. Shigella strains are in effect Escherichia coli with a specific mode of pathogenicity, and 18 of the 34 O antigens are also found in traditional E. coli. Three are very similar to E. coli O antigens and 13 are unique to Shigella strains. The O antigen of Shigella sonnei is quite atypical for E. coli and is thought to have transferred from Plesiomonas. The other 12 O antigens unique to Shigella strains have structures that are typical of E. coli, but there are considerably more anomalies in their gene clusters, probably reflecting recent modification of the structures. Having the complete set of structures and genes opens the way for experimental studies on the role of this diversity in pathogenicity.

  structure, O antigen, Shigella, O antigen gene cluster, O antigen diversity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 18422615
  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00114.x
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: wanglei@nankai.edu.cn
  Institutions: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China.
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, ESI-MS, serological methods, genetic methods, biochemical methods
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 23077 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 3888
  Liu B, Knirel YA, Feng L, Perepelov AV, Senchenkova SN, Wang Q, Reeves P, Wang L "Corrigendum: Structure and genetics of Shigella O antigens" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 34(4) (2010) 606
  

  In the paper by Liu et al., some structures in Table 1 were incorrect. These structures are reproduced correctly below.

  genetic, structure, O-antigen, Shigella

  Publication DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00224.x
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Institutions: TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 25744 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4799
  Shashkov AS, Wang M, Turdymuratov EM, Hu S, Arbatsky NP, Guo X, Wang L, Knirel YA "Structural and genetic relationships of closely related O-antigens of Cronobacter spp. and Escherichia coli: C. sakazakii G2594 (serotype O4)/E. coli O103 and C. malonaticus G3864 (serotype O1)/E. coli O29" - Carbohydrate Research 404 (2015) 124-131
  

  O-Antigen (O-polysaccharide) variation is the basis for bacterial serotyping and is important in bacterial virulence and niche adaptation. In this work, we present structural and genetic evidences for close relationships between the O-antigens of the Cronobacter spp. and Escherichia coli. Cronobacter sakazakii G2594 (serotype O4) and Cronobacter malonaticus G3864 (serotype O1) are structurally related to those of E. coli O103 and O29, respectively, and some other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family differing in the patterns of lateral glucosylation (C. sakazakii G2594) or O-acetylation (C. malonaticus G3864). The O-antigen gene clusters of the corresponding Cronobacter and E. coli strains contain the same genes with high-level similarity, and the structural differences within both O-antigen pairs were suggested to be due to modification genes carried by prophages.

  Lipopolysaccharide, O-specific polysaccharide, bacterial polysaccharide structure, O-antigen gene cluster, Cronobacter sakazakii, Cronobacter malonaticus

  NCBI PubMed ID: 25555751
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.014
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: Y.A. Knirel
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China, Tianjin Biochip Corporation, TEDA, Tianjin, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, PCR, DNA sequencing, sugar analysis, acid hydrolysis, GLC, mild acid hydrolysis, Smith degradation, NMR-1D, GPC, UV, bioinformatic analysis
  
   
  
  Cronobacter malonaticus O1 G3864, Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 30874 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4888
  Shashkov AS, Yang B, Senchenkova SN, Perepelov AV, Liu B, Knirel YA "Structures and genetics of biosynthesis of glycerol 1-phosphate-containing O-polysaccharides of Escherichia coli O28ab, O37, and O100" - Carbohydrate Research 426 (2016) 26-32
  

  O-polysaccharides of E. coli O28ab, O37, and O100 were found to contain glycerol 1-phosphate and the following structures of their oligosaccharide repeats were established by sugar analysis, Smith degradation (for O28ab), 1D and 2D (1)H, (13)C, and (13)P NMR spectroscopy: [Formula: see text]. Functions of putative glycosyltransferases genes in the O-antigen gene clusters of the strains studied were tentatively assigned based on similarities to genes of other E. coli O-serogroups available from GenBank and taking into account the O-polysaccharide structures established.

  Lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli, O-polysaccharide, bacterial polysaccharide structure, O-antigen gene cluster, O-Polysaccharide structure, Glycerol 1-phosphate

  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.011
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: yknirel@gmail.com
  Institutions: N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, sugar analysis, 31P NMR, acid hydrolysis, GLC, Smith degradation, GPC, mild acid degradation, function analysis of gene clusters
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 11595 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 4957
  Fontana C, Zaccheus M, Weintraub A, Ansaruzzaman M, Widmalm G "Structural studies of a polysaccharide from Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain AN-16000" - Carbohydrate Research 432 (2016) 41-49
  

  The structure of a polysaccharide from Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain AN-16000 has been investigated. The sugar and absolute configuration analysis revealed d-Glc, d-GalN, d-QuiN and l-FucN as major components. The PS was subjected to dephosphorylation with aqueous 40% HF to obtain an oligosaccharide that was analyzed by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The HR-MS spectrum of the oligosaccharide revealed a pentasaccharide composed of two Glc residues, one QuiNAc and one GalNAc, one FucNAc, as well as a glycerol moiety. The structure of the PS was determined using (1)H, (13)C, (15)N and (31)P NMR spectroscopy; inter-residue correlations were identified by (1)H,(13)C-heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation, (1)H,(1)H-NOESY and (1)H,(31)P-hetero-TOCSY experiments. The PS backbone has the following teichoic acid-like structure: →3)-d-Gro-(1-P-6)-β-d-Glcp-(1→4)-α-l-FucpNAc-(1→3)-β-d-QuipNAc-(1 → with a side-chain consisting of α-d-Glcp-(1→6)-α-d-GalpNAc-(1→ linked to the O3 position of the FucNAc residue.

  NMR, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, dephosphorylation, Glycerol-1-phosphate

  NCBI PubMed ID: 7392309
  Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.06.004
  Journal NLM ID: 0043535
  Publisher: Elsevier
  Correspondence: goran.widmalm@su.se
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, NMR-2D, HF solvolysis, sugar analysis, ESI-MS, acid hydrolysis, GLC, NMR-1D, GPC, mild acid degradation
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29, Shigella dysenteriae 11
  CSDB ID 11802 (all data & tools)
• Article ID: 5472
  Liu B, Furevi A, Perepelov AV, Guo X, Cao H, Wang Q, Reeves PR, Knirel YA, Wang L, Widmalm G "Structure and genetics of Escherichia coli O antigens" - FEMS Microbiology Reviews 44(6) (2020) 655-683
  

  Escherichia coli includes clonal groups of both commensal and pathogenic strains, with some of the latter causing serious infectious diseases. O antigen variation is current standard in defining strains for taxonomy and epidemiology, providing the basis for many serotyping schemes for Gram-negative bacteria. This review covers the diversity in E. coli O antigen structures and gene clusters, and the genetic basis for the structural diversity. Of the 187 formally defined O antigens, six (O31, O47, O67, O72, O94 and O122) have since been removed and four (O14, O34, O89 and O144) strains do not produce any O antigen. Therefore, structures are presented for 176 of the 181 E. coli O antigens, some of which include subgroups. Most (93%) of these O antigens are synthesized via the Wzx/Wzy pathway, 11 via the ABC transporter pathway, with O20, O57 and O60 still uncharacterized due to failure to find their O antigen gene clusters. Biosynthetic pathways are given for 38 of the 49 sugars found in E. coli O antigens, and several pairs or groups of the E. coli antigens that have related structures show close relationships of the O antigen gene clusters within clades, thereby highlighting the genetic basis of the evolution of diversity.

  structure, O antigen, Escherichia coli, gene cluster, serogroup, diversity

  NCBI PubMed ID: 31778182
  Publication DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz028
  Journal NLM ID: 8902526
  Publisher: Oxford University Press
  Correspondence: G. Widmalm ; Lei Wang
  Institutions: Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China, School of Molecular and Microbial Bioscience (G08), University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
  
   
  
  Escherichia coli O29
  CSDB ID 1538 (all data & tools)