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1. (Article ID: 6999)
 
Methacanon P, Madla S, Kirtikara K, Prasitsil M
Structural elucidation of bioactive fungi-derived polymers
Carbohydrate Polymers 60(2) (2005) 199-203
 

Chemical composition and molecular structure of exopolysaccharides (EPS) from three strains of fungi, Akanthomyces pistillariiformis BCC2694, Cordyceps dipterigena BCC2073, and Phytocordyceps sp. BCC2744, which can promote the production of IL-8 (a cytokine enhancing wound healing), were elucidated. The results from HPLC after acid hydrolysis revealed that the EPS were mainly composed of glucose indicating the presence of glucan. Galactose, mannose and arabinose were also found as minor monosaccharides. In addition, the protein content in the EPS was determined to be approximately 6–7% with the exception of Phytocordyceps sp. BCC2744 (21%). To identify the linkages between the monosaccharides and the molecular structure of the EPS, methylation followed by reductive cleavage and 13C-NMR analyses were performed. They were shown to be composed of a (1→3)-β-D-glucan backbone substituted at O-6 with side chains of (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl units. The highest branching structure was shown in the EPS from A. pistillariiformis BCC2694, followed by C. dipterigena BCC2073 and Phytocordyceps sp. BCC2744, respectively. Apart from the highly branched at O-6 of (1→3)-β-D-glucan, (1→2) mannan and (1→3) galactan were also found in C. dipterigena BCC2073.

methylation analysis, Monosaccharide composition, fungal polysaccharides

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2. (Article ID: 8072)
 
Synytsya A, Novak M
Structural diversity of fungal glucans
Carbohydrate Polymers 92(1) (2013) 729-809
 

Fungal glucans represent various structurally different d-glucose polymers with a large diversity of molecular mass and configuration. According to glucose anomeric structure, it is possible to distinguish α-D-glucans, β-D-glucans and mixed α,β-D-glucans. Further discrimination could be made on the basis of glycosidic bond position in a pyranoid ring, distribution of specific glycosidic bonds along a chain, branching and molecular mass. Fungal glucans can be chemically modified to obtain various derivatives of potential industrial or medicinal importance. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool in structural analysis of fungal glucans. Together with chemolytic methods like methylation analysis and periodate oxidation, NMR is able to determine exact structure of these polysaccharides. Fungal glucans or their derivatives exert various biological activities, which are usually linked to structure, molecular mass and substitution degree.

nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical modification, fungal glucans, structural diversity, structure–activity relationship

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