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1. (Article ID: 7315)
 
Saerens KMJ, Roelants SLKW, Van Bogaert INA, Soetaert W
Identification of the UDP-glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1, responsible for the first glucosylation step in the sophorolipid biosynthetic pathway of Candida bombicola ATCC 22214
FEMS Yeast Research 11(1) (2011) 123–132
 

Candida bombicola ATCC 22214 is applied commercially for the production of sophorolipids from renewable resources such as vegetable oils or waste streams. Although much research has been performed on optimization of fermentation conditions and on the influence of feed source and process parameters on sophorolipid structures and yields, the metabolic pathway of these important bioproducts remains unclear. Here, we identify a glucosyltransferase gene UGTA1 and show that the gene product is responsible for the first glucosylation step in the biosynthetic pathway of sophorolipids. Moreover, we provide evidence that the second glucosylation step is catalysed by a different glucosyltransferase that acts independently from the first. Therefore, the biosynthesis of sophorolipids by C. bombicola involves two glucosyltransferases that act in a stepwise manner. The UGTA1 gene described here is the first identified gene with a clear function in sophorolipid production by this economically important yeast.

glucosyltransferase, biosurfactant, sophorolipid, Candida bombicola

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2. (Article ID: 8143)
 
Chen L, Zhang BB, Chen JL, Cheung PCK
Cell wall structure of mushroom sclerotium (Pleurotus tuber-regium): Part 2. Fine structure of a novel alkali-soluble hyper-branched cell wall polysaccharide
Food Hydrocolloids 38 (2014) 48-55
 

The fine molecular structure of a novel alkali-soluble polysaccharide (SCA-I) from the mushroom sclerotial cell wall of Pleurotus tuber-regium was elucidated by 1-D and 2-D NMR spectroscopy as a hyper-branched glucan having a 64.9% degree of branching at O-6 and consisting a main chain with →1)-Glcp-(4→ linkages and short side chains having either →1)-Glcp-(3→ or →1)-Glcp-(6→ linkages. This partial structure of SCA-I was consistent with that obtained from methylation analysis. The molecular conformation of SDS-treated SCA-I was visualized for the first time by TEM and AFM. Microscopic images confirmed the highly branched structure of SCA-I as well as its multiple chain conformation when its compact structure was opened up by SDS treatment. This unique hyper-branched polysaccharide has the potential application in the design of carbohydrate-based nano-particles and drug delivery systems.

cell wall polysaccharide, β-glucan, Pleurotus tuber-regium, alkali-soluble, hyper-branched, mushroom sclerotium

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