Though it has been reported that β-glucans or protein-binding hetero-glucans isolated from mushrooms have antitumor activity, the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of purified, structurally defined polysaccharides (such as β-glucans) have not been proven yet. A new low molecular weight (approximately 100 kDa) β-glucan was isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans black yeast, and was found to have low viscosity and to be water-soluble. The industrial production of this P-glucan was achieved from the culture media of A. pullulans. The effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight (LMW) β-(1→3) and 50-80% branched β-(1→6) glucan isolated from A. pullulans on tumor growth and metastasis to the liver were examined in mice intrasplenically with implanted colon 26 tumor cells. In addition, to clarify the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan, the effects on immune functions in the small intestine were also examined. The intraperitoneal (5 and 15 mg/kg) and oral (50 mg/kg) administration of LMW P-(1.3-1.6) glucan inhibited the tumor growth and liver metastasis in mice intrasplenically implanted with colon 26 cells. The numbers of natural killer (NK)- and interferon (IFN)-gamma-positive cells in the small intestine of colon 26-bearing mice were lower than those in normal mice. The intraperitoneally and orally administered LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan prevented the reduction of the number of NK- and IFN-gamma-positive cells induced by the tumor growth after implantation of colon 26 cells. These findings suggest that the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of LMW β-(1,3-1,6) glucan may involve the enhancement of intestinal immune functions through increases in NK- and IFN-gamma-positive cell numbers.
antitumor, water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1→3) with β-(1→6) D-glucan, antimetastasis, small intestinal immune function
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There have been a number of reports showing that the crude β-glucan fraction prepared from various kinds of Basidiomycetes mushrooms acts as anti-cancer and anti-allergic reagent through stimulation of IFN-γ production. It has been reported, however, that the exposure of the airway to β-(1,3) d-glucan, contained in house dust, indoor moulds and some bacteria, potentiates the airway allergic response. It seems likely that the discrepant effects on immune function may be related to such factors as differences of the administration route, average molecular weight and water solubility. We isolated a new low-molecular-weight (about 100 kDa) β-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans 1A1 strain of black yeast, and found that it had low viscosity and was water-soluble. In this study, we examined the effects of water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1→3) and 50–80% branched β-(1→6) glucan (LMW-β-Glucan) isolated from A. pullulans on the ova-albumin (OVA)-treated allergic reaction in mice. Feeding standard laboratory diets containing 0.5 and 1% LMW-β-Glucan significantly inhibited the OVA-specific IgE elevation compared to that in OVA-sensitized mice fed standard laboratory diet alone (control). Furthermore, feeding standard laboratory diets containing 0.5 and 1% LMW-β-Glucan inhibited the reduction of IL-12 and IFN-γ production from splenocytes and the reduction of CD8- and IFN-γ-positive cell number in the small intestine of the OVA-sensitized mice. These findings suggest that anti-food allergic action of LMW-β-Glucan may be due to the inducing IFN-γ production in the small intestine and splenocytes.
food allergy, Ova-albumin, water-soluble low-molecular-weight β-(1, 3–1, 6) D-glucan, Th1/Th2
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