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Kawasaki Y, Endo T, Fujiwara A, Kondo K, Katahira M, Nittami T, Sato M, Takeda M
Elongation pattern and fine structure of the sheaths formed by Thiothrix nivea and Thiothrix fructosivorans
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 95 (2017)
1280-1288
Bacillus anthracis
(NCBI TaxID 1392,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: bacteria / Firmicutes
(Phylum: Firmicutes)
NCBI PubMed ID: 27838420Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.025Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: M. Takeda <mtake
ynu.ac.jp>
Institutions: Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
Thiothrix strains are filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria common in activated sludge. Some of the members, including Thiothrix nivea and T. fructosivorans, are known to form a microtubular sheath that covers a line of cells. The sheaths are assemblages of [→4)-β-d-GlcN-(1→4)-β-d-Glc-(1→]n modified with unusual deoxy sugars. In an attempt to elucidate the sheath-forming mechanism, the patterns of sheath formation and cell proliferation were determined in this study. Prior to analysis, both sheaths were confirmed to be highly de-N-acetylated. Sheaths in viable filaments were N-biotinylated followed by cultivation and then fluorescently immunostained. Epifluorescence microscopy of the filaments revealed ubiquitous elongation of the sheaths. For visualization of the cell proliferation pattern, the cell membrane was fluorescently stained. The epifluorescence images demonstrated that cell proliferation also proceeds ubiquitously, suggesting that sheath elongation proceeds surrounding an elongating cell. In addition, the fine structure of the Thiothrix filaments was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy employing a freeze-substitution technique. The micrographs of freeze-substituted filaments showed that the sheaths were thin and single layered. In contrast, the sheaths in chemically fixed filaments appeared thick and multilayered. Treatment with glutaraldehyde probably caused deformation of the sheaths. Supporting this possibility, the sheaths were found to be deformed or solubilized by N-acetylation.
elongation, Sheath, Thiothrix fructosivorans, Fine structure, Thiothrix nivea
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: p.1287
Compound class: cell wall polysaccharide
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135813,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_151531,IEDB_885813
Methods: HPLC, N-acetylation, RP-HPLC, transmission electron microscopy, N-biotinylation, fluorescent staining
Related record ID(s): 1043
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1392Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G44330UU
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Kawasaki Y, Endo T, Fujiwara A, Kondo K, Katahira M, Nittami T, Sato M, Takeda M
Elongation pattern and fine structure of the sheaths formed by Thiothrix nivea and Thiothrix fructosivorans
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 95 (2017)
1280-1288
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80%S-Lac-(1-4)-a-D-Rhap4N-(1-3)-a-L-Fucp-(1-3)-+
|
-3)-b-D-GlcpN(50%)Ac-(1-4)-b-D-Glcp-(1- |
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Thiothrix fructosivorans ATCC 49749
(Ancestor NCBI TaxID 111770,
species name lookup)
Taxonomic group: bacteria / Proteobacteria
(Phylum: Proteobacteria)
NCBI PubMed ID: 27838420Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.025Journal NLM ID: 7909578Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
Correspondence: M. Takeda <mtake
ynu.ac.jp>
Institutions: Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan, Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
Thiothrix strains are filamentous sulfur-oxidizing bacteria common in activated sludge. Some of the members, including Thiothrix nivea and T. fructosivorans, are known to form a microtubular sheath that covers a line of cells. The sheaths are assemblages of [→4)-β-d-GlcN-(1→4)-β-d-Glc-(1→]n modified with unusual deoxy sugars. In an attempt to elucidate the sheath-forming mechanism, the patterns of sheath formation and cell proliferation were determined in this study. Prior to analysis, both sheaths were confirmed to be highly de-N-acetylated. Sheaths in viable filaments were N-biotinylated followed by cultivation and then fluorescently immunostained. Epifluorescence microscopy of the filaments revealed ubiquitous elongation of the sheaths. For visualization of the cell proliferation pattern, the cell membrane was fluorescently stained. The epifluorescence images demonstrated that cell proliferation also proceeds ubiquitously, suggesting that sheath elongation proceeds surrounding an elongating cell. In addition, the fine structure of the Thiothrix filaments was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy employing a freeze-substitution technique. The micrographs of freeze-substituted filaments showed that the sheaths were thin and single layered. In contrast, the sheaths in chemically fixed filaments appeared thick and multilayered. Treatment with glutaraldehyde probably caused deformation of the sheaths. Supporting this possibility, the sheaths were found to be deformed or solubilized by N-acetylation.
elongation, Sheath, Thiothrix fructosivorans, Fine structure, Thiothrix nivea
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: abstract, p.1281
Trivial name: sheath-forming polysaccharide (SFP)
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_135813,IEDB_136045,IEDB_137340,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142488,IEDB_142489,IEDB_144562,IEDB_146664,IEDB_151531,IEDB_152214,IEDB_174333,IEDB_983931,SB_192,SB_86
Methods: HPLC, N-acetylation, RP-HPLC, transmission electron microscopy, N-biotinylation, fluorescent staining
Related record ID(s): 791
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 111770
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