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1. (Article ID: 8409)
 
Wyatt TT, Golovina EA, van Leeuwen R, Hallsworth JE, Wösten HAB, Dijksterhuis J
A decrease in bulk water and mannitol and accumulation of trehalose and trehalose-based oligosaccharides define a two-stage maturation process towards extreme stress resistance in ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri (Aspergillus fischeri)
Environmental Microbiology 17(2) (2015) 383-394
 

Fungal propagules survive stresses better than vegetative cells. Neosartorya fischeri, an Aspergillus teleomorph, forms ascospores that survive high temperatures or drying followed by heat. Not much is known about maturation and development of extreme stress resistance in fungal cells. This study provides a novel two-step model for the acquisition of extreme stress resistance and entry into dormancy. Ascospores of 11- and 15-day-old cultures exhibited heat resistance, physiological activity, accumulation of compatible solutes and a steep increase in cytoplasmic viscosity. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy indicated that this stage is associated with the removal of bulk water and an increase of chemical stability. Older ascospores from 15- to 50-day-old cultures showed no changes in compatible solute content and cytoplasmic viscosity, but did exhibit a further increase of heat resistance and redox stability with age. This stage was also characterized by changes in the composition of the mixture of compatible solutes. Mannitol levels decreased and the relative quantities of trehalose and trehalose-based oligosaccharides increased. Dormant ascospores of N. fischeri survive in low-water habitats. After activation of the germination process, the stress resistance decreases, compatible solutes are degraded and the cellular viscosity drops. After 5 h, the hydrated cells enter the vegetative stage and redox stability has decreased notably

Oligosaccharides, mannitol, Trehalose, Neosartorya fischeri, stress resistance

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2. (Article ID: 8410)
 
Wyatt TT, Gerwig GJ, Kamerling JP, Wösten HAB, Dijksterhuis J
Structural analysis of novel trehalose-based oligosaccharides from extremely stress-tolerant ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri (Aspergillus fischeri)
Carbohydrate Research 411 (2015) 49-55
 

Different fungi, including the genera Neosartorya, Byssochlamys and Talaromyces, produce (asco)spores that survive pasteurization treatments and are regarded as the most stress-resistant eukaryotic cells. Here, the NMR analysis of a series of trehalose-based oligosaccharides, being compatible solutes that are accumulated to high levels in ascospores of the fungus Neosartorya fischeri, is presented. These oligosaccharides consist of an α,α-trehalose backbone, extended with one [α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1↔1)-α-D-Glcp; isobemisiose], two [α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1↔1)-α-D-Glcp] or three [α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-(1↔1)-α-D-Glcp] glucose units. The tetra- and pentasaccharide, dubbed neosartose and fischerose, respectively, have not been reported before to occur in nature

NMR spectroscopy, Trehalose, fungus, fischerose, isobemisiose, neosartose

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