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1. (Article ID: 8433)
 
Miyagawa A, Matsuda T, Yamamura H
Synthesis of branched tetrasaccharide derivatives of schizophyllan-like β-glucan
Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 34(5) (2015) 215-246
 

Branched tetrasaccharide derivatives as the repeating units of schizophyllan were synthesized using a common intermediate that had different protecting groups on the hydroxyl groups. Accordingly, β-1,3-disaccharide acceptors were efficiently glycosylated in a stepwise manner using monosaccharide donors to construct the branched tetrasaccharides. As a result, oligosaccharides with an internal branch rather than a branch on the terminal residue suitable for the synthesis of branched β-glucan were obtained

glycosylation, β-glucan, schizophyllan, aglycon transfer

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2. (Article ID: 10859)
 
Mekkawy SE, Meselhy MR, Kusumoto IT, Kadota S, Hattori M, Namba T
Inhibitory effects of Egyptian folk medicines on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 43(4) (1995) 641-648
 

Extracts of 41 medicinal plants used in Egyptian folk medicine were screened for their inhibitory effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase. The extracts of fruits of Phyllanthus emblica, Quercus pedunculata, Rumex cyprius, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula and Terminalia horrida showed significant inhibitory activity with IC_<50>≦50 μg/ml. Through a bioassay guided-fractionation of the methanol extract of the fruit of P. emblica, putranjivain A (1) was isolated as a potent inhibitory substance with IC_<50>=3.9 μM, together with 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (3), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside (5) and digallic acid (6). The inhibitory mode of action by 1,2 and 6 was non-competitive with respect to the substrate but competitive with respect to a template-primer. Furthermore, the stereochemistry of 1 was established in this paper by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Hiv-1, reverse transcriptase inhibition, Egyptian folk medicine, Phyllanthus emblica, tannins, putranjivain A

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