Taxonomic group: bacteria / Firmicutes
(Phylum: Firmicutes)
The structure was elucidated in this paperNCBI PubMed ID: 35698387Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119561Journal NLM ID: 8307156Publisher: Elsevier
Correspondence: Jianfa Zhang <jfzhang
njust.edu.cn>
Institutions: Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
Bioflocculants like polysaccharides are excellent alternatives to harmful synthetic flocculants and usability under stricter levels of ecosystem protection. In this study, an exopolysaccharide producing strain Paenibacillus sp. M21629 was isolated. The exopolysaccharide was abundant in carboxylic groups and named floccuronic acid with a high weight average molecular weight of 2.38 × 108 Da. The hexasaccharide repeating units of floccuronic acid were →3)-α-D-Manp-(1→3)-4-Suc-β-D-Manp-(1→3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→4)[4,6-Pyr-β-D-Galp-(1→3)]-β-D-Galp-(1→. The floccuronic acid at 0.5-1 ppm showed high turbidity removal efficiency in kaolin suspension (99.8%), coal wastewater (98.8%), and high-turbidity drinking water (89.2%). The flocculation ability of floccuronic acid depended on the instability of solid particles. Owing to these encouraging results, floccuronic acid is expected to be a useful bioflocculant applied in wastewater treatment and the utilization of water resources.
structure, polysaccharide, polysaccharides, exopolysaccharide, molecular weight
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit ; 238000000
Location inside paper: abstract, Fig. 4, table 2
Compound class: EPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_115136,IEDB_130701,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137485,IEDB_140630,IEDB_141794,IEDB_142488,IEDB_144983,IEDB_146664,IEDB_152206,IEDB_190606,IEDB_423153,IEDB_983930,IEDB_983931,SB_165,SB_166,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_197,SB_44,SB_67,SB_7,SB_72,SB_88
Methods: 13C NMR, 1H NMR, methylation, GC-MS, FTIR, composition analysis, HPLC, GPC, extraction, flocculation experiments
Comments, role: published NMR chemical shifts of C2 #3_bDGalp (78.01) and C6 #4,4,3,3_aDManp (73.59) seemed erroneous
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 58172
Show glycosyltransferases
NMR conditions: in D2O at 298 K
[as TSV]
13C NMR data:
Linkage Residue C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
4,4,3,3 aDManp 104.23 73.59 79.59 68.87 75.69 ?
4,4,3,4 xXSuc 183.98 33.26-34.76 33.26-34.76 178.34
4,4,3 bDManp 103.05 73.69 83.89 68.80 79.00 63.90
4,4 bDGlcp 104.86 75.95 86.90 71.37 78.12 63.13
4 bDGlcpA 102.46 75.26 72.95 83.03 79.17 179.30
3,6 x?Pyr 178.66 103.63 27.89
3 bDGalp 105.85 ? 74.67 71.45 68.87 67.76
bDGalp 105.71 73.38 83.03 78.99 79.17 63.85
1H NMR data:
Linkage Residue H1 H2 H3 H4 H5 H6
4,4,3,3 aDManp 5.16 4.20 3.76 3.65 4.11 4.20
4,4,3,4 xXSuc - 2.51-2.66 2.51-2.66 -
4,4,3 bDManp 4.94 4.28 3.88 3.65 3.50 3.75
4,4 bDGlcp 4.54 3.43 3.75 3.44 3.52 3.98
4 bDGlcpA 4.63 3.49 4.06 3.71 3.80 -
3,6 x?Pyr - - 1.48
3 bDGalp 4.44 3.56 3.92 3.96 3.65 3.97-4.03
bDGalp 4.47 3.66 3.71 3.78 3.80 3.78
1H/13C HSQC data:
Linkage Residue C1/H1 C2/H2 C3/H3 C4/H4 C5/H5 C6/H6
4,4,3,3 aDManp 104.23/5.16 73.59/4.20 79.59/3.76 68.87/3.65 75.69/4.11 ?/4.20
4,4,3,4 xXSuc 33.26-34.76/2.51-2.66 33.26-34.76/2.51-2.66
4,4,3 bDManp 103.05/4.94 73.69/4.28 83.89/3.88 68.80/3.65 79.00/3.50 63.90/3.75
4,4 bDGlcp 104.86/4.54 75.95/3.43 86.90/3.75 71.37/3.44 78.12/3.52 63.13/3.98
4 bDGlcpA 102.46/4.63 75.26/3.49 72.95/4.06 83.03/3.71 79.17/3.80
3,6 x?Pyr 27.89/1.48
3 bDGalp 105.85/4.44 ?/3.56 74.67/3.92 71.45/3.96 68.87/3.65 67.76/3.97-4.03
bDGalp 105.71/4.47 73.38/3.66 83.03/3.71 78.99/3.78 79.17/3.80 63.85/3.78
1H NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | H1 | H2 | H3 | H4 | H5 | H6 |
|---|
| 4,4,3,3 | aDManp | 5.16 | 4.20 | 3.76 | 3.65 | 4.11 | 4.20 |
| 4,4,3,4 | xXSuc |
| 2.51
2.66 | 2.51
2.66 |
| |
| 4,4,3 | bDManp | 4.94 | 4.28 | 3.88 | 3.65 | 3.50 | 3.75 |
| 4,4 | bDGlcp | 4.54 | 3.43 | 3.75 | 3.44 | 3.52 | 3.98 |
| 4 | bDGlcpA | 4.63 | 3.49 | 4.06 | 3.71 | 3.80 |
|
| 3,6 | x?Pyr |
|
| 1.48 | |
| 3 | bDGalp | 4.44 | 3.56 | 3.92 | 3.96 | 3.65 | 3.97
4.03 |
| | bDGalp | 4.47 | 3.66 | 3.71 | 3.78 | 3.80 | 3.78 |
|
13C NMR data:
| Linkage | Residue | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 |
|---|
| 4,4,3,3 | aDManp | 104.23 | 73.59 | 79.59 | 68.87 | 75.69 | ? |
| 4,4,3,4 | xXSuc | 183.98 | 33.26
34.76 | 33.26
34.76 | 178.34 | |
| 4,4,3 | bDManp | 103.05 | 73.69 | 83.89 | 68.80 | 79.00 | 63.90 |
| 4,4 | bDGlcp | 104.86 | 75.95 | 86.90 | 71.37 | 78.12 | 63.13 |
| 4 | bDGlcpA | 102.46 | 75.26 | 72.95 | 83.03 | 79.17 | 179.30 |
| 3,6 | x?Pyr | 178.66 | 103.63 | 27.89 | |
| 3 | bDGalp | 105.85 | ? | 74.67 | 71.45 | 68.87 | 67.76 |
| | bDGalp | 105.71 | 73.38 | 83.03 | 78.99 | 79.17 | 63.85 |
|
The spectrum also has 2 signals at unknown positions (not plotted). |
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
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