Taxonomic group: bacteria / Firmicutes
(Phylum: Firmicutes)
Associated disease: infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae [ICD11:
XN3PW 
]
NCBI PubMed ID: 34838818Publication DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101453Journal NLM ID: 2985121RPublisher: Baltimore, MD: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Correspondence: F.Y. Avci <avci
uga.edu>
Institutions: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA, Fina Biosolutions, LLC, Rockville, Maryland, USA
In the preparation of commercial conjugate vaccines, capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) must undergo chemical modification to generate the reactive groups necessary for covalent attachment to a protein carrier. One of the most common approaches employed for this derivatization is sodium periodate (NaIO4) oxidation of vicinal diols found within CPS structures. This procedure is largely random and structurally damaging, potentially resulting in significant changes in the CPS structure and therefore its antigenicity. Additionally, periodate activation of CPS often gives rise to heterogeneous conjugate vaccine products with variable efficacy. Here, we explore the use of an alternative agent, galactose oxidase (GOase) isolated from Fusarium sp. in a chemoenzymatic approach to generate a conjugate vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Using a colorimetric assay and NMR spectroscopy, we found that GOase generated aldehyde motifs on the CPS of S. pneumoniae serotype 14 (Pn14p) in a site-specific and reversible fashion. Direct comparison of Pn14p derivatized by either GOase or NaIO4 illustrates the functionally deleterious role chemical oxidation can have on CPS structures. Immunization with the conjugate synthesized using GOase provided a markedly improved humoral response over the traditional periodate-oxidized group. Further, functional protection was validated in vitro by measure of opsonophagocytic killing and in vivo through a lethality challenge in mice. Overall, this work introduces a strategy for glycoconjugate development that overcomes limitations previously known to play a role in the current approach of vaccine design.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, capsular polysaccharide, pneumonia, glycoconjugate vaccine, vaccine development, galactose oxidase
Structure type: polymer chemical repeating unit
Location inside paper: Fig. 1
Compound class: O-polysaccharide, O-antigen, CPS
Contained glycoepitopes: IEDB_130646,IEDB_130697,IEDB_135813,IEDB_136044,IEDB_137340,IEDB_137472,IEDB_137776,IEDB_1391966,IEDB_1392542,IEDB_140108,IEDB_140110,IEDB_140122,IEDB_141794,IEDB_141807,IEDB_142351,IEDB_142487,IEDB_142488,IEDB_143634,IEDB_146664,IEDB_149138,IEDB_149139,IEDB_149141,IEDB_149142,IEDB_149143,IEDB_149144,IEDB_149145,IEDB_149147,IEDB_149148,IEDB_149150,IEDB_149151,IEDB_151531,IEDB_190606,IEDB_983931,SB_145,SB_165,SB_166,SB_173,SB_187,SB_192,SB_195,SB_30,SB_6,SB_7,SB_88
Methods: 1H NMR, NMR-2D, ELISA, immunization, conjugation, enzymatic activity assay, opsonophagocytic killing assay, Dot blot assay
Comments, role: published polymerization frame was shifted for conformity with other records
NCBI Taxonomy refs (TaxIDs): 1313Reference(s) to other database(s): GTC:G52755VD, GlycomeDB:
2039, CCSD:
11172, CBank-STR:12723
Show glycosyltransferases
There is only one chemically distinct structure:
Found 
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