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1. (Article ID: 8474)
 
Crich D, Li W, Li H
Direct chemical synthesis of the β-mannans: linear and block syntheses of the alternating β-(1→3)-β-(1→4)-mannan common to Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa
Journal of the American Chemical Society 126(46) (2004) 15081-15086
 

Two stereocontrolled syntheses of a methyl glycoside of an alternating β-(1→4)-β-(1→>3)-mannohexaose, representative of the mannan from Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Leptospira biflexa, are described. Both syntheses employ a combination of 4,6-O-benzylidene- and 4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene acetal-protected donors to achieve stereocontrolled formation of the β-mannoside linkage. The first synthesis is a linear one and proceeds with a high degree of stereocontrol throughout and an overall yield of 1.9%. The second synthesis, a block synthesis, makes use of the coupling of two trisaccharides, resulting in a shorter sequence and an overall yield of 4.4%, despite the poor selectivity in the key step

synthesis, Leptospira biflexa, mannan, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis

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2. (Article ID: 8502)
 
Suzuki I, Hashimoto K, Ohno N, Tanaka H, Yadomae T
Immunomodulation by orally administered β-glucan in mice
International Journal of Immunopharmacology 11(7) (1989) 761-769
 

Orally administered SSG, a β-1,3-glucan obtained from the culture filtrate of the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum IFO 9395, was examined for effects on immune responses in mice. The proliferative responses of spleen cells from SSG-administered mice (40 or 80 mg/kg, daily for 5 or 10 consecutive days) to a T-cell mitogen, concanavalin A (Con A), or a B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were higher than those from normal mice. Oral administration of SSG (80 mg/kg) to mice also enhanced the activities of both natural killer (NK) cells in spleen and the lysosomal enzyme of peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed in syngeneic tumor systems when SSG was administered directly after tumor implantation. The inhibiting effect required high doses of SSG (over 80 mg/kg). These results demonstrate that SSG can potentiate the immune response of mice following oral administration

mice, β-glucan, immunomodulation, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, SSG, tumor growth inhibition

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3. (Article ID: 10838)
 
Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Nikaido T, Ohmoto T
Tigogenin hexasaccharides from Camassia cusickii. Structural elucidation by modern NMR techniques
Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 65 (1992) 458-462
 
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