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1. (Article ID: 8767)
 
Siu KC, Xu L, Chen X, Wu JY
Molecular properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides isolated from alkaline extract of wild Armillaria ostoyae mushrooms
Carbohydrate Polymers 137 (2016) 739-746
 

This study aims to discover novel and bioactive polysaccharides (PS) from wild Armillaria ostoyae, a honey mushroom species. Two PS designated AkPS1V-1 (66.6 kDa) and AkPS1V-2 (15.3 kDa) were isolated and fractionated by anion ion exchange (IEC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) from the alkaline extract of A. ostoyae mushrooms. AkPS1V-1 was a glucan composed of solely glucose residues and AkPS1V-2 a heteropolysaccharide composed of glucose and galactose at 6:1 molar ratio. AkPS1V-2 exhibited higher antioxidant activities than AkPS1V-1 based on reducing power, radical scavenging and metal chelating assays. The structure of AkPS1V-2 was further analyzed and elucidated as a branched galactoglucan with a backbone composed of (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl, (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl, (1→3)-α-D-galactopyranosyl and (1→3,6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl residues at 3:1:1:1 ratio, and side chain of (1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl residue. This is the first report on a pure PS structure and its antioxidant activities from this mushroom species.

structure, polysaccharides, extraction, Antioxidant activity, Fractionation, Armillaria ostoyae

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2. (Article ID: 9709)
 
Liu JJ, Hou YK, Wang X, Zhou XT, Yin JY, Nie SP
Recent advances in the biosynthesis of fungal glucan structural diversity
Carbohydrate Polymers 329 (2024) ID 121782
 

Glucans are the most abundant class of macromolecule polymers in fungi, which are commonly found in Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Fungal glucans are not only essential for cell integrity and function but also crucial for the immense industrial interest in high value applications. They present a variety of structural characteristics at the nanoscale due to the high regulation of genes and the involvement of stochastic processes in synthesis. However, although recent findings have demonstrated the genes of glucans synthesis are relatively conserved across diverse fungi, the formation and organization of diverse glucan structures is still unclear in fungi. Here, we summarize the structural features of fungal glucans and the recent developments in the mechanisms of glucans biosynthesis. Furthermore, we propose the engineering strategies of targeted glucan synthesis and point out the remaining challenges in the synthetic process. Understanding the synthesis process of diverse glucans is necessary for tailoring high value glucan towards specific applications. This engineering strategy contributes to enable the sustainable and efficient production of glucan diversity

biosynthesis, gene, diversity, glucan, fungi, target glucan

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