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1. (Article ID: 9531)
 
Jin H, Li M, Tian F, Yu F, Zhao W
An Overview of Antitumour Activity of Polysaccharides
Molecules 27(22) (2022) 8083
 

Cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly increasing worldwide; therefore, effective therapies are required in the current scenario of increasing cancer cases. Polysaccharides are a family of natural polymers that hold unique physicochemical and biological properties, and they have become the focus of current antitumour drug research owing to their significant antitumour effects. In addition to the direct antitumour activity of some natural polysaccharides, their structures offer versatility in synthesizing multifunctional nanocomposites, which could be chemically modified to achieve high stability and bioavailability for delivering therapeutics into tumor tissues. This review aims to highlight recent advances in natural polysaccharides and polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

polysaccharides, Anticancer, drug delivery systems, nanomedicines

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2. (Article ID: 9627)
 
Kono H, Hara H, Iijima K, Fujita S, Kondo N, Hirabayashi K, Isono T, Ogata M
Preparation and characterization of carboxymethylated Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan and its in vitro antioxidant activity
Carbohydrate Polymers 322 (2023) 121357
 

Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan (APG) has a high degree of β-(1→6)-glucosyl branching and a regular triple helical structure similar to that of schizophyllan. In this study, APG was carboxymethylated to different degrees of substitution (DS = 0.51, 1.0, and 2.0, denoted CMAPG 1-3, respectively) using a heterogeneous reaction. With increasing DS, the triple-helix structure drastically decreased and converted to a random coil structure in CMAPG 3. Further, aqueous solutions of CMAPG changed from pseudoplastic fluids to perfect Newtonian liquids with increasing DS, indicating that the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds had been cleaved by the substituents to form a random coil structure. In addition, APG and CMAPG solutions exhibited scavenging ability against hydroxyl, organic, and sulfate radicals. It was also found that the carboxymethylation of APG drastically enhanced the organic radical scavenging ability. On the basis of the relationship between the DS and radical scavenging ability of the CMAPG samples, we believe hydroxyl and organic radicals were preferably scavenged by the donation of hydrogen atoms from the glucose rings and the methylene moieties of the carboxymethyl groups, respectively. Considering the obtained results, CMAPG and APG are expected to have applications in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics as antioxidant polysaccharides.

carboxymethylation, Aureobasidium pullulans, radical scavenging, electron spin resonance, β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan

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3. (Article ID: 9628)
 
Kou F, Ge Y, Wang W, Mei Y, Cao L, Wei X, Xiao H, Wu X
A review of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: Health benefit, structure-activity relationship, modification, and nanoparticle encapsulation
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 243 (2023) 125199
 

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides possess unique functional properties. Various processing technologies have been used to produce and modify G. lucidum polysaccharides to improve their yield and utilization. In this review, the structure and health benefits were summarized, and the factors that may affect the quality of G. lucidum polysaccharides were discussed, including the use of chemical modifications such as sulfation, carboxymethylation, and selenization. Those modifications improved the physicochemical characteristics and utilization of G. lucidum polysaccharides, and made them more stable that could be used as functional biomaterials to encapsulate active substances. Ultimate, G. lucidum polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were designed to deliver various functional ingredients to achieve better health-promoting effects. Overall, this review presents an in-depth summary of current modification strategies and offers new insights into the effective processing techniques to develop G. lucidum polysaccharide-rich functional foods or nutraceuticals.

modification, Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides, nanoparticle encapsulation, structure-health benefits

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