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1. (Article ID: 9660)
 
Sun L, Jiang J, Jing T, Hu D, Zhu J, Zeng Y, Pang Y, Huang D, Cheng S, Cao C
A polysaccharide NAP-3 from Naematelia aurantialba: Structural characterization and adjunctive hypoglycemic activity
Carbohydrate Polymers 318 (2023) 121124
 

A novel polysaccharide (NAP-3) was isolated and purified from Naematelia aurantialba after water extraction. The structure of NAP-3, which was determined by FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, and NMR, indicated that NAP-3 was a homogeneous polysaccharide with the molecular weight of 428 kDa, mainly consisted of β-1, 3-D-Manp, β-1, 2, 3-D-Manp, β-D-Xylp, β-1, 4-D-Glcp, β-1, 4-D-Rhap in a molar ratio of 6.49: 1.11: 2.4: 0.13: 0.83. In vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory assay showed that NAP-3 had a low IC50 value, which exhibited similar enzyme inhibitory activity as acarbose. NAP-3 was evaluated as an adjuvant with metformin for antidiabetic therapy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice and insulin resistance HepG2 cells. The combination of NAP-3 and metformin in diabetic mice exhibited significant hypoglycemic activity, reducing body weight, serum insulin levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and increasing antioxidant levels compared to metformin alone. The combination of NAP-3 and metformin improved oxidative stress by increasing ROS clearance, thereby enhancing glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. This study provided new data for the study of Naematelia aurantialba polysaccharides and offers a new adjuvant therapy for the treatment of diabetes.

polysaccharides, Structural characterization, adjuvant hypoglycemic activity, Naematelia aurantialba

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2. (Article ID: 9661)
 
Sun X, Chen Z, Yang R, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang Q, Xiao G
Modular and Stereoselective One-Pot Total Synthesis of Icosasaccharide Motif from Cordyceps sinensis EPS-1A Glycan
Organic Letters 25(40) (2023) 7364-7368
 

The first stereoselective one-pot synthesis of the icosasaccharide motif of EPS-1A glycan from Cordyceps sinensis has been achieved. The synthetic approach highlights the following features: (1) merging reagent modulation and remote anchimeric assistance α-glycosylation strategy for the highly stereoselective formation of five and ten continuous 1,2-cis glucosidic bonds; (2) the strategic employment of glycosyl N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidates and glycosyl o-(1-phenylvinyl)benzoates as the matched pair for efficient orthogonal one-pot synthesis; and (3) [11 + 8 + 1] orthogonal one-pot glycosylation for the efficient assembly of the target icosasaccharide.

total synthesis, Cordyceps sinensis, icosasaccharide repeating unit

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3. (Article ID: 10889)
 
Hu CQ, Chen K, Shi Q, Kilkuskie RE, Cheng YC, Lee KH
Anti-aids agents, 10. Acacetin-7-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, an anti-HIV principle from Chrysanthemum morifolium and a structure-activity correlation with some related flavonoids
Journal of Natural Products 57 (1994) 42-51
 

An active anti-HIV principle, acacetin-7-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, has been isolated from Chrysanthemum morifolium. Seven additional flavonoids isolated from this plant, 13 known related flavonoids, and 14 synthetic flavonoids were also evaluated as inhibitors of HIV replication in H9 cells. A known flavone, chrysin, was found to be the most promising compound in this series. Flavonoids with hydroxy groups at C-5 and C-7 and with a C-2-C-3 double bond were more potent inhibitors of HIV growth. In general, the presence of substituents (hydroxyl and halogen) in the B-ring increased toxicity and/or decreased activity.

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